我国两地区2型糖尿病患者营养补充剂应用现状及相关因素

目的了解2型糖尿病患者营养补充剂的应用现状，并探讨其应用的相关因素。方法采用方便抽样法，对北京及沈阳两地三家医疗机构的615例确诊的2型糖尿病患者进行问卷调查，并对数据进行统计学分析。结果2型糖尿病患者营养补充剂使用率为34．8％，北京和沈阳地区分别为22．5％和45．5％。较常应用的营养补充剂为蜂胶（16．1％），其次为维生素（10．1％）、钙剂（8．8％）、鱼油（7．3％）、螺旋藻（3．9％）和卵磷脂（2．3％），除蜂胶主要用于糖尿病补充治疗外，其他营养素主要用于增加机体抵抗力。另有8．5％的被调查者除上述6种营养素外还分别服用其他20余种降糖保健品。营养补充剂应用的信息主要来源于大众媒体宣传及家人和朋友的介绍。患者自我感知有效率约为50％。营养补充剂的应用与患者性别、文化程度、所在地区、自我感知医疗负担程度、糖尿病病程、合并症数量及体重指数有关（P均〈0．05）。结论北京、沈阳两地区2型糖尿病患者营养补充剂应用较普遍，服用的营养素补充剂种类繁多，但其使用缺乏专业指导。建议将营养补充治疗纳入糖尿病教育内容，以加强对糖尿病患者的管理。

Application of dietary supplements in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in two areas of ChinaL

Objective To understand the application of dietary supplements among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD) in two areas of China. Methods A total of 615 T2MD patients were recruited from three hospitals in Beijing and Shenyang, with convenience sampling for the study using self-reported questionnaires. Data were statistically analyzed. Results Overall 34. 8% of the participants (22.5% in Beijing and 45.5% in Shenyang, respectively) reported ever use of at least one dietary supplement in the past 12 months. The most commonly used supplement was royal jelly ( 16. 1% ), followed by vitamins ( 10. 1% ), calcium (8. 8% ),fish oil (7. 3% ), spirulina (3.9%), and lecithin (2. 3% ). Except that royal jelly was used for complementary treatment for T2MD, most of the other supplements were used for improving their body defense. In addition, more than 20 other health dietary supplements were also used for diabetes-related conditions in 8. 5% of the participants surveyed. The participants' main sources of information about dietary supplements were from mass media or recommendations by relatives and friends. About half of supplements users perceived that the dietary supplements were effective. The application of dietary supplements was associated with gender, educational background, living area,perceived burden of medical cost, stage of diabetes, comorbidity, and body mass index (BMI) of the patients ( all P ＜0. 05). Conclusions Dietary supplements are widely used among T2MD patients in Beijing and Shenyang.The types of these dietary supplements are diverse and lack professional instructions. It is recommended that information on dietary supplements should be included in diabetes education.