杭州市小学生视力低下及屈光不正现况调查

目的调查杭州市小学生视力及屈光状态,了解学龄儿童屈光矫正的现况及需求。方法整群抽取杭州市20所小学在校学生进行裸眼视力、矫正视力检查,双眼中任一眼裸眼远视力低于5.0者,测量双眼屈光度数。结果在17791名小学生中,视力低下检出率为52.64%,其中女生检出率(55.85%)高于男生(49.77%),差异有统计学意义(P0.01);一至六年级视力低下检出率逐渐增高。疑似近视检出率为85.62%(95%CI:84.91～86.33),其轻度近视占80.03%。各年级组疑似近视检出率差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。右眼平均等效球镜度(-1.81±1.85)D,各年级组间屈光度分布差异有统计学意义(Kruslal-Wallis检验,P0.01)。6个年级组间近视的进展为-2.00 D,平均-0.40 D/y。疑似远视检出率为1.90%(95%CI:1.62～2.18)。结论杭州市学龄儿童视力低下检出率高,近视是其主要原因,屈光不正矫正现状堪忧,加强近视防治工作以减少视力损害,提高儿童屈光不正矫正率和矫正质量。

A Cross-sectional Study of Vision and Refractive Status of Pupils

Objective To investigate vision and refractive status of pupils in Hangzhou,and evaluate the present condition and needs.Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 20 primary school students from Hangzhou.The visual acuity(VA) was measured both with and without spectacles.If a child’s VA of one eye was <5.0,eye refraction test was taken.Results In the 17,791 school-age children,the poor vision rate was 52.64%,and the poor vision rate of girls(55.85%) was higher than that of boys’(49.77%),which had a significant difference(P<0.01).The rate of poor vision increased with grades.The detective rate of suspect-myopia was 85.62%(95%CI: 84.91~86.33),most of which were at mild myopia(80.03%).The detective rate of suspect-myopia among the 6 grades had significant differences(P<0.01)The average refractive error of spherical equivalent(SE) refraction was(-1.81±1.85) D,and there were significant differences among the 6 grades(Kruslal-Wallis Test,P<0.01)The average myopia increasing rate was-0.40 D per year,-2.00 D in total of the progression in 6 years.The detective rate of suspect-hyperopia was 1.90%(95%CI: 1.62~2.18).Conclusion The rate of poor vision is pretty high in Hangzhou,and myopia was the main reason.The correction status of refractive error was not satisfied.Prevention should be taken to decrease the onset of myopia,in order to decrease vision impairment,and enhance the coverage and quality of refractive correction.