直肠表面动脉分布与微血管构筑相关性的研究

目的:研究直肠与肛管器官表面动脉分布与器官内小微动脉及毛细血管精确分布间的对应关系.方法:20例成人标本行巨微解剖观察表面动脉分支分布特点;20例胎儿尸体,墨汁灌注,组织切片及揭层透明铺片,光镜观察器官内微血管的构筑情况,测量各部位毛细血管分布密度.结果:器官表面动脉在直肠和肛管呈区域性分布的特点,在上半直肠前壁和直肠颈及肛管后壁中线部位存在无血管吻合区.微血管测量结果显示上半直肠前壁和直肠颈及肛管后壁中线部位,肌层、粘膜下层及粘膜层毛细血管密度均低于同层其他部位.结论:直肠与肛管表面动脉分布与器官内小微动脉及毛细血管精确分布间存在对应关系,临床可根据肉眼所见表面动脉分布来评估直肠和肛管血供.

The relevance between the distribution of the superfical rectal arteries and the intramural micro-vascular architecture

Objective: To study the relevance between the distribution of the superficial arteries and the intramural micro-vessels of rectum and anal canal. Methods: 20 adult corpses were prepared for dissection under the operative microscope to observe the characteristics of the branches of the superficial arteries of rectum and anal canal. Injecting ink into the arteries of bodies of 20 fetuses,making tissue sections,tearing off layers and transparenting them to observe the micro-vascular architecture and measure the blood capillary density under optical microscope. Results: The superficial arteries of the rectum and anal canal distributed regionally. There were no-anastomose regions of blood vessels in the anterior wall of the superior part of rectum and the posterior wall of rectal neck and anal canal. The capillary densities of muscular layer,submueosa and mucosa in the anterior walls of the superior part of the rectum and the posterior walls of the rectal neck and anal canal were lower than that in same layers of other parts. Conclusions: There are close relevance between the distribution of the superficial arteries and the intramural micro-vessels of the rectum and anal canal. We can evaluate the blood supply of rectum and anal canal according to the distribution of the superficial arteries.