原发性肝癌切肝量的前瞻性研究

目的探讨合并肝硬化或肝炎的肝癌患者安全手术能耐受的切缘大小。方法前瞻性研究连续76例肝癌标本的肿瘤体积及无瘤肝体积;根据CT测算前40例患者的无瘤肝体积。分析切肝量、无瘤肝切除率(HPRR)与术后肝功能、并发症和切缘的关系。结果76例患者切缘为(5±7)mm;标本肿瘤体积和无瘤肝体积分别为(107±203)cm3和(153±120)cm3。前40例患者CT测得的无瘤肝体积为(1079±179)cm3,HPRR为(14.0±9.3)%。HPRR≤20%、20%~30%的患者术后并发症发生率、并发症积分和术后1周内总胆红素最大值低于>30%的患者(P<0.05)。术后并发症积分为0分的HPRR低于3~6分者(P<0.05)。术前肝功能、HPRR、手术大小、肝门阻断时间和标本肝体积均是影响术后肝功能和并发症的重要因素(P<0.05)。结论对无肉眼癌栓或子灶的肝癌患者,如肿瘤直径小于10 cm,10 mm切缘能保证足够的剩余肝功能和完全清除癌周肝内的微转移,如肿瘤直径大于10 cm,6 mm切缘能基本保证足够的剩余肝功能和清除99%的癌周肝内的微转移;而对有肉眼癌栓或子灶的肝癌患者,如肿瘤直径小于6 cm,20 mm切缘能基本保证足够的剩余肝功能和清除99%的癌周肝内的微转移。

Prospective study of liver parenchyma volume in hepatectomy of primary liver cancer

OBJECTIVE: To explore the secure resection margin (RM) of hepatectomy for primary liver cancer (PLC) with the coexistence of cirrhosis or hepatitis by studying the correlations of the resected liver parenchyma volume with postoperative liver function, complication and RM clinically. METHODS: The volume of tumor and the surrounding liver in resected liver specimen was measured and calculated in continuous 76 PLC patients prospectively, and the total liver parenchyma volume was measured and calculated using computed tomography (CT) images in former 40 patients. Under ideal circumstances, the surrounding liver volume, which would be resected theoretically, was calculated according to various sizes of tumors and RMs. The correlations of the resected liver volume or hepatic parenchyma-resected rate (HPRR) with postoperative liver function, complication and RM were analysed. RESULTS: The RM was (5 +/- 7) mm in 76 patients. The volume of the tumors and the surrounding liver in the specimens were (107 +/- 203) cm(3) and (153 +/- 120) cm(3), respectively. In 40 patients, the total nontumorous liver volume using CT images was (1079 +/- 179) cm(3), and HPRR was (14 +/- 9)%. There were statistically significant differences in HPRR (P < 0.05) between three groups with complication score 0, 1-2 and 3-6 points, the value of the first group were lower than that of the third group at the level P < 0.05. The significant factors affecting liver function and complication are HPRR, the size of operation, the time of hepatic portal occlusion and the resected liver volume (P < 0.05) apart from preoperative liver function. CONCLUSIONS: When hepatectomy was performed in PLC patients with preoperative liver function of Child A grade and the coexistence of cirrhosis or hepatitis, 30% HPRR was a lower limit for greatly increasing the chance of developing serious postoperative complications, while 20% HPRR was a safe upper limit for achieves quick postoperative recovery or developing only a few mild complications. When PLC patients without macroscopic tumor thrombi or macrosatellites undergo hepatectomy, 10 mm RM is enough to ensure sufficient liver function residue and achieve complete micrometastasis clearance in liver parenchyma surrounding the lesion if the diameter of a tumor is less than 10 cm and 6 mm RM is enough to ensure sufficient liver function residue and obtain 99% micrometastasis clearance if the diameter of a tumor is greater than 10 cm, while with macroscopic tumor thrombi or macrosatellites, 20 mm RM is enough to ensure sufficient liver function residue and achieve 99% micrometastasis clearance if the diameter of a tumor is less than 6 cm.