脂肪因子与高效抗逆转录病毒治疗相关脂肪营养不良的临床研究

目的 调查接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)的AIDS患者糖脂代谢异常的发生率及其在HIV相关脂肪营养不良综合征(HIV related lipodystrophy,HIV-LD)组和非HIV-LD)组中的差异;比较两组的脂联素(adiponectin,APN)、瘦素(leptin,LEP)水平及其与糖脂代谢、脂肪异常分布的关系.方法 募集2007年3至5月期间在北京协和医院门诊随诊的成年HIV/AIDS患者52例,根据患者报告和医师评估结果,将上述患者分成HIV-LD组与非HIV-LD组,并对其进行全身双能X射线扫描(DEXA)检查和血浆胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和胰岛索测定,应用ELISA法测定血浆APN和LEP水平,调查血脂异常和高胰岛素血症的发生情况及两组之间差异,并分析APN和LEP水平及其与血脂、胰岛素水平和各部位体脂含量的相关性.结果 ①52例HIV/AIDS患者中,至少一项血脂指标异常者59.6%,合并CHO、TG及HDL-C异常血症者分别为17.3%、50.0%和17.3%,空腹高胰岛素血症发生率25.0%.②LD组的TG水平显著高于非HIV-LD组,LD组的HDL-C水平和APN水平显著低于非HIV-LD组.HIV-LD患者的APN水平降低是HDL-C和胰岛素水平异常的独立预测指标,与四肢/全身脂肪总含量正相关,与躯干/全身脂肪总含量负相关.两组的血浆LEP水平均与全身脂肪总含量、四肢和躯干脂肪含量正相关.结论 血脂异常和胰岛素抵抗在接受HAART的AIDS患者中有较高发生率,HIV-LD组比非HIV-LD组更为明显.血浆APN水平下降在HIV-LD组中是HDL-C和胰岛素水平异常的独立预测指标,与脂肪异常分布密切相关;血浆LEP水平则是反映人体内脂肪总最的生物学标志之一.

Adipokines and highly active antiretroviral therapy related lipodystrophy: clinical study of 52 cases

Objective To investigate the prevalence of glucose and lipid abnormalities in AIDS patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and difference thereof between the HIV-lipedystrophy (LD) and non-HIV-LD groups, and to compare the plasma levels of adiponectin (APN) and leptin (LEP) and their relationship to metabolic disturbance and fat redistribution in these 2 groups Methods Fifty-two HIV-infected patients were divided into HIV-LD group and non-HIV-LD group according to the patients' reports and doctors' evaluation. Body composition was assessed by whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry Plasma samples were analyzed for cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), insulin, APN, and LEP. The prevalence of dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia, the difference of adipocytokine levels, and the relationship of adiponectin, leptin with lipids, insulin as well as fat mass in different body regions were analyzed between the groups. Results The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, and low HDL-C level were 17.3%, 50, 0%, and 17.3% respectively. The rate of hyperinsulinemia and any kind of dyslipidemia were 25.0% and 59.6%. Compared with non- HIV-LD patients, HIV-LD patients had higher TG level, and lower HDL-C and APN levels. In the HIV-LD group, the APN level was correlated positively with limb/total body fat, but negatively with trunk/total body fat, and was an independent predictor of HDL-C and insulin level. However, LEP was positively correlated with the levels of total body fat, limb fat, and trunk fat in both groups. Conclusion The prevalence rates of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance are high in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART, especially in the HIV-LD group. The APN concentration in the HIV-LD patients is closely related to fat redistribution and independently predicts the levels of HDL-C and insulin. LEP can serve as a biomarker of total body fat mass.