不同生物材料假体在人工关节置换中的应用现状

背景：人工关节置换中假体材料替代原有的病损关节,可以极大改善患者的关节功能,减轻疼痛,恢复运动,提高生活质量。目的：概述目前应用于关节置换领域的假体材料及研究进展。方法：以biomaterials, joint prosthesis, implants为检索词,检索PubMed 数据库(2000年1月至2011年12月中有关关节置换领域假体材料的文献。结果与结论：目前临床中常见的关节假体材料包括金属、聚合物、陶瓷等,这些材料已被学者们所接受,并广泛应用于临床中,但仍存在一些不足和亟待解决的问题,如何完善和提升金属、聚合物、陶瓷的性能,降低甚至去除可能的磨损、离子释放、骨溶解、碎裂等不良后果,是目前需要学者们共同考虑的问题。相信随着制作工艺的不断进步、研究的不断深入,牢固可靠的假体材料定将推陈出新,达到更加令人满意的疗效,为临床所用。

Different biomaterial prostheses in joint replacement

BACKGROUND:With the orthopedic surgery and joint replacement, implant prosthesis can greatly improve the functions of lesion joints, not only reduce pain, restore movement, but also improve the quality of life.OBJECTIVE:To concisely describe the common current implant biomaterials used in joint replacement and the future trend.METHODS:A search across the databases of PubMed (January 2000 to December 2011) was performed, with key words of “biomaterials, joint prosthesis, implants”. The repetitive studies or unrelated to papers the objective were excluded. A total of 32 papers were included in this study.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Currently, common prosthesis biomaterials include metals, polymers, ceramics, etc. These materials have been accepted by scholars, and widely used in clinical works, but there are still some shortcomings and problems to be solved. Scholars should consider the following aspects: how to improve the performance of metals, polymers, ceramics, and reduce or even remove the adverse consequences. With the development of production process and the deepening of research, we believe that the new implant prosthesis will be fairly satisfactory in clinical application.