假肢矫形用新材料有机硅的特性

目的：介绍近些年来在假肢矫形领域广泛应用有机硅材料．对其配方设计和材料特性做深入探讨，并探讨有机硅及其制品在应用中的相关问题。资料来源：应用计算机检索Medline1979—01／2005-12相关有机硅材料的文献，检索词“silicone，organosilicone，silastie，siloxane，silicone lines”等并限定文献语言种类为English。资料选择：对资料进行初选，选取有机硅材料配方设计．性能研究．以及假肢矫形方面硅橡胶的应用方面的文献。纳入标准：①有机硅材料配方设计。②有机硅材料性能研究。③假肢矫形用有机硅材料及制品研究。④医学康复及生物医学方面有机硅及制品的研究。排除标准：综述文献、重复研究、Meta分析类文章。资料提炼：粗选有几百篇关于有机硅的文章，最后精选得到14篇文章，其中4篇是研究假肢矫形方面有机硅材料及制品，其余10篇为研究医学康复及生物学方面有机硅材料及制品。资料综合：有机硅高分子材料品种丰富，具有不同的制备方法和物理特性，易于制作成型。其与人体皮肤接触，透气性好，无毒，无害，而且还有一定的治疗作用。有机硅材料作为体外接触材料在假肢矫形行业中应用非常广泛，有机硅材料主要是做体外接触材料，以硅橡胶为主，少量用到硅凝胶。有机硅材料在假肢矫形器行业的应用：大腿、小腿假肢硅胶套，制作高档次假体，制作柔性接触垫，人体烧伤或损坏处的敷料。结论：有机硅材料具有一系列优良的特性，在假肢矫形中广泛应用。需要具有般肢矫形专业知识和高分子材料专业知识的复合型人才，来开展研发工作，将有机硅这个新型材料国产化、普及化。

Feature of a new organosilicone material in prosthetics and orthotics

OBJECTIVE： To introduce and in-depth studies the compound design and properties of organosilicone materials which are widely applied in prosthetics ＆ orthotics （P＆O） in recent years, and analyzes the applied problems.
DATA SOURCES： The literatures of organosilicone material were collected from the Mcdline database published from January. 1979 to December 2005 by using the key words of ＂silicone, organosilicone, silastic, siloxane, silicone lines＂ in English.
STUDY SELECTION： The literatures of organosilicone compound design, properties study and silicone elastomer applied in P＆O were selected after first selection. The inclusive criteria were （1）organosilicone compound design, （2）organosilicone properties study, （3）organosilicone material ＆ application in P＆O and （4）the silicone study in rehabilitation and biomedicine. The exclusive criteria were review, repetitive research, Meta analysis articles.
DATA EXTRACTION： Hundreds of English papers of organosilicone were collected, and the 14 articles were finally selected. The 4 papers of them studied organosilicone material and production in P＆O; The others studied silicone material and production in medical rehabilitation and biomedicine.
DATA SYNTHESIS： The organosilicone high polymer materials were v arious, with different prepared methods and physical propert, and easy to finalize the design. It contacting with human skin showed good ventilation, no poison, harmless, and had certain therapeutical effect. The organosilicone, being an extracorporeal touch material, was widely applied in P＆O. The organosilicone was an extracorporeal touch material in vitro, mainly silastic and rarely silicone gel, The application of organosilione in P＆O： silicone gel cover of thigh and below-knee prosthesis, high-grade prosthesis, flexible contacting cushion, dressing of human burning or injury.
CONCLUSION： The organosilicone materials are widely applied for some advantageous properties in P＆O. Compound talents with expe