农村既往有偿供血社区居民AIDS相关歧视和耻辱调查

目的 了解农村既往有偿供血社区居民艾滋病(AIDS)相关的歧视，为寻求降低歧视的方法提供科学依据。方法 选择10个存在既往有偿供血的村庄，运用横断面调查的方法，由经过培训的调查员采用人户调查和村中拦截行人的方式，对18～59岁村民进行问卷调查。结果 共调查有效问卷477份。结果显示，在农村既往有偿供血社区存在严重的AIDS相关歧视和耻辱，主要表现为不与艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者来往和不与他们在一起吃饭，分别占58.91％和51.36％，引起歧视的主要原因有84.28％的人是害怕被传染。AIDS歧视人群主要来自于本村和邻近村，分别占86.37％和53.88％；有80.08％的人认为可以通过宣传教育来降低AIDS相关的歧视和耻辱。人们对于HIV感染者的态度与其感染途径有关，80.29％的人对于通过有偿供血途径感染上HIV的人持同情态度。结论 农村既往有偿供血社区存在着严重的AIDS相关歧视和耻辱，降低AIDS歧视应作为今后宣传教育的工作重点。

Survey on HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among residents in rural community with a past history of paid blood donation

Objective To assess HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among residents in rural community with a past history of blood donation,and provide a scientific basis for seeking stigma reduction methods.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed by trained interviewers among villagers aged 18-59 in ten selected villages with a past history of paid blood donation.Study subjects were conveniently selected and interviewed at home or while walking in the village street.Results A total of 477 valid questionnaires were collected.The results indicated that HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination remain a serious problem in rural community with a past history of paid blood donation.The main manifestations of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination were:reluctance to communicate with HIV positive persons and eating with them together,the proportion was 58.91% and 51.36%,respectively.The main reason was that villagers were afraid of being infected(84.28%),and discrimination was mainly from villagers within their village(86.37%)and in adjacent villages(53.88%).80.08% of subjects agreed that health education could reduce HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination.The subject's attitude to persons with HIV infection was associated with their infection route.80.29% felt compassion toward HIV positives infected persons through selling blood/plasma.Conclusion HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination are a serious problem in rural community with a past history of former paid blood donation.Stigma reduction must be an emphasis for AIDS educational efforts.