Growth hormone secretion from the Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) pituitary gland in vitro: effects of somatostatin-14, insulin-like growth factor-I, and nutritional status

This study investigated the influence of nutritional status on the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). The objectives were to study the regulation of GH secretion in vitro by somatostatin-14 (SRIF) and hIGF-I, and to determine whether pituitary sensitivity to these factors is dependent upon nutritional status. Arctic charr were fed at three different ration levels (0, 0.35, and 0.70% BWd(-1)), and pituitary glands were harvested at 1, 2, and 5 weeks for in vitro study. Both SRIF and hIGF-I inhibited GH secretion from Arctic charr pituitary tissue in long-term (18 h) static hemipituitary culture, as well as after acute exposure in a pituitary fragment perifusion system. This response appeared to be dose-dependent for SRIF in static culture over the range of 0.01-1 nM, but not for hIGF-I. The acute inhibitory action of hIGF-I on GH release in the perifusion system suggests an action that is initially independent of any effects on GH gene expression or protein synthesis. Nutritional status did not affect the sensitivity of Arctic charr pituitary tissue to either SRIF or hIGF-I in vitro, indicating that changes in abundance of pituitary SRIF or IGF-I receptors may not explain the alterations in plasma GH levels found during dietary restriction.