仙居县部分60岁及以上人群盲和低视力患病率及病因分析

目的调查仙居县部分60岁及以上老年人盲和低视力患病情况及致病原因。方法对仙居县60岁以上白内障复明老年人，分别检查小孔视力和日常生活视力，应用裂隙灯显微镜和直接检眼镜等仪器检查受栓者外眼、眼前节及眼底等情况。根据小孔视力世界卫生组织视力损伤标准（标准A）、日常生活视力和视力损伤标准（标准B）计算低视力和盲的患病率。结果以标准A计算低视力和盲的患病率，单眼低视力患病率为4．5％，双眼低视力患病率为2．6％；单眼盲患病率为3．9％．双眼盲患病率为2．5％。根据标准B计算视力损伤和盲患病率，视力损伤患病率为5．5％，单眼盲患病率为5．1％，轻度双眼盲患病率为0．6％，重度双眼盲患病率为1．8％。低视力和盲患病率在年龄、性别及文化程度方面存在差异。可致低视力和盲性眼病中以白内障占51．3％，其次为屈光不正（21．3％），再次是角膜病（11．3％）。结论仙居县部分老年人盲和低视力患病率随年龄的增加而增加，女性与文盲的盲和低视力患病率分别高于男性与非文盲。白内障、屈光不正和角膜病应是仙居县部分老年人低视力和盲的防治重点。

The Prevalence and Causes of Blindness and Low Vision Among the Old More than 60 Years

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and causes of blindnes and low vision among the old more than 60 years in screening of cataract recovery patients in Xianju County. METHODS 1 243 old people more than 60 years in Xianju County were screened in order to make cataract, recover. The visual acuity without correction and the presenting acuity with the participants habitual distance correction were measured separately for each eye. In individuals with visual acuity less than 0.6, pinhole visual acuity was tested with pinhole spectacle. External eye, anterior segment and ocular fundus were examined by the ophthalmologist using a slit lamp-microscope and direct ophthalmoscopy. The prevalence of blindness Was calculated according to the pinhole vision with WHO blindness criteria（criteria A）and presenting vision with blindness criteria （criteria B）. Based on criteria A, the prevalence of one eye blindness, two eyes blindness, one eye low vision and two eye low vision were 4.5%, 2.6%, 3.9% and 2.5% respectively. Based on criteria B, the prevalence of vision impairment, one eye blindness, light two eyes blindness and heavy two eyes blindness were 5.5%, 5.1%, 0.6% and 1.8%. The prevalence of blindness and low vision varied with age, gender and education degree. The leading causes of blindness were, in descending sequence, cataract （51.3%）, ametropia （21.3%）and corneal scar/opacity （ 11,3% ）. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of blindness and low vision among part of old pepole in Xianju County increased with age. Female and illiteracy were more likely to have blindness and low vision than that of males and literate. Cataract, ametropia and corneal scar/opacity should be emphasized to prevent and control the blindness and low vision in the old.