Association analysis between dopamine receptor genes and bipolar affective disorder.

We have performed a case-control analysis of dopamine D2-like receptor (DRD2, DRD3 and DRD4) gene polymorphisms in 118 Han Chinese cases with bipolar affective disorder and 196 control subjects, and replication analysis in 157 English cases and 143 control subjects. We found association between a functional DRD2 promoter variant (P = 0.03 by allele) and the DRD2 taq1A polymorphism (P = 0.001 by allele) in Chinese bipolar disorder patients. However, this finding was not replicated in the Caucasian subjects, indicating that the significant association we observed in the Chinese population is a false positive finding. An alternative explanation is that these polymorphisms are risk factors in Chinese but not Caucasian populations, a hypothesis which seems unlikely in view of the similarity of the clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder in the two populations. We also report a novel, rare one-repeat variant of the DRD4 exon 3 VNTR repeat in Chinese populations, which appears to be absent in Caucasians and is not associated with disease.