不同人群对优秀护士素质要求的调查研究

目的了解不同人群对优秀护士素质的要求。方法在小组访谈的基础上设计问卷,对护理管理者、护士、医生、患者及家属共1413名进行问卷调查。结果①身体素质:98.3%的调查对象认为优秀护士应具备良好的身体素质,不同人群比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②专业素质:96%以上的调查对象认为优秀护士应掌握扎实的专业理论知识和技能、良好的护患沟通能力、敏锐的观察力、强学习能力,89.1%认为必须具备强科研能力。护理管理者、护士和患者及家属对护士的理论知识要求高于医生(P<0.05);护理管理者和患者及家属比医生及护士更注重护理技能(P<0.05);护理管理者对护士护患沟通能力、观察能力、学习能力和科研能力要求均高于其他组(P<0.05);③职业道德与态度:护理管理者及护士对优秀护士应具备谦虚谨慎、吃苦忍让、严于律己及良好的职业道德等素质要求均高于医生和患者及家属(P<0.05);④性格品行:护理管理者对护士仪表得体、举止端庄、语言亲切等方面高于其他人群(P<0.05),而患者及家属对其要求最低。结论护理管理者、护士、医生、患者及家属对优秀护士素质构成基本一致,认为优秀护士应具备良好的身体素质、专业素质、职业道德与态度及性格品行,但各有侧重,护理管理者对各方面的素质要求均较其他人群高。

The qualities of an excellent nurse: perspectives from patients,nurses,physicians and nursing administrators

Objective To investigate the opinions of patients,nurses,physicians and nursing administrators toward the quali- ties of an excellent nurse. Methods Totally 1413 participants including 1017 nurses,130 nursing administrators,85 physicians and 181 patients were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire. Results 98.3% respondents supported that an excellent nurse should have good physical fitness and no significant difference was found among different groups（P〉0.05）. Regarding the professional qualities,more than 96% respondents thought that an excellent nurse should have professional theoretical knowledge and skills,good communication ability,exquisite observation and self-directed learning ability,as well as research ability in 89.1% respondents. Nursing administrators,nurses and patients expressed higher expectations than physicians on the theoretical knowledge（P〈0.05）; Nursing administrators and patients focused more on nursing skills than physicians and nurses（P〈0.05）. Moreover,nursing administrators showed higher expectations in the abilities of nurse-patient communication,observation,contin- uing learning and research（P〈0.05）. Nursing administrators and nurses expressed higher expectations on the qualities such as modesty and prudence,hardship patience,self-discipline and professional ethics than physicians and patients（P〈0.05）. As for the nurses＇ decent appearance,dignified demeanor and kind language,nursing administrators showed higher expectations than other groups（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Nursing administrators,nurses,physicians and patients have the basically consistent opinions about the qualities of an excellent nurse,including good physical fitness,professional qualities,professional ethics and personality. While each group has different emphases,and nursing administrators show higher expectations than other groups.