65例阿米卡星注射剂不良反应的文献分析

目的探讨阿米卡星致不良反应的一般情况和规律，以期为临床安全用药提供参考。方法以“阿米卡星”并含“不良反应”为主要检索词，检索中国知网（cNKI）数据库1980年1月～2013年1月间报道的涉及阿米卡星致不良反应的文献报道，分别从不良反应的发生时间、原患疾病、临床表现及预后等方面进行统计分析。结果共检索出52篇65例病例，不良反应累及系统一器官以中枢及外周神经系统损害最多，其次为呼吸系统损害及心血管系统一般损害；临床主要表现为过敏性休克、呼吸困难、低血压、紫绀、脉弱等；多数不良反应在停药或对症治疗处理后恢复正常，严重不良反应可致死亡。结论阿米卡星不良反应临床表现复杂多样，不良反应预后较好，但严重不良反应可危及生命，因此临床应重视阿米卡星不良反应，加强用药监测，确保用药安全。

Literature Analysis of 65 Cases of Adverse Drug Reaction Induced by Amikacin Injection

Objective To analyze reference for rational drug use in the general characteristics of adverse drug reaction induced by amikacin, provide clinic. Methods Used ＂amikacin＂ and ＂adverse reaction＂ as the keyword, search the cases of the adverse drug reaction induced by amikacin that reported from Jan 1980 to Jan 2013. Data should be analyzed through occurrence time, the original disease, clinical manifestation, prognosis, et al. Results There were 52 publications including 65 cases. Central ＆ peripheral nervous system disorders were the highest incidence, followed by the respiratory system disorders and cardiovasctflar disorders. The main clinical manifestation were allergic shock, expiratory dyspnea, hypotension, cyanosis, weak pulse, et al. The most adverse drug reactions got right after drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment, but serious adverse reaction may cause death. CoNclusion The clinical manifestations of adverse drug reaction induced by amikacin were complex and diversity. The prognosis was preferable, but serious adverse reaction can cause death. So attention should be paid to the adverse drug reactions induced by amikacin in clinic, and the monitoring of medication should also be strengthened to ensure a safe medication.