子宫内膜异位症的发病相关因素研究

目的探讨子宫内膜异位症（EMS）的发病相关因素。方法纳入301例因腹腔镜手术住院的患者，进行问卷调查，比较EMS组患者与非EMS组患者月经、疼痛症状、孕产史、既往病史、日常生活和工作等情况，对EMS发病相关危险因素行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析显示，EMS与非EMS患者在月经行经时间、月经量、月经周期、痛经、经期排便痛、不孕史、卵巢囊肿病史、多囊卵巢综合征病史上比较差异有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。两组患者在初潮年龄、月经规律性、性交痛、平时盆腔痛、怀孕次数、生产次数、流产次数、异位妊娠次数、剧烈运动史、吸烟史以及饮酒史上比较差异无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，月经量多、痛经、卵巢囊肿病史与EMS发病呈正相关，月经周期延长与EMS发病呈负相关（P均〈0．05）。结论EMS危险因素包括月经量多、痛经、卵巢囊肿病史、月经周期缩短，临床医疗工作者遇到以上症状的患者。应注意排除EMS。

Study of related risk factors of endometriosis

Objective To explore the related risk factors of endometriosis. Methods Three hun- dred and one patients who were hospitalized in Department of Gynecology after laparoscopic surgery were recrui- ted in this study and filled out the survey questionnaire. The menstruation, pain symptoms, history of pregnan- cy, disease history, daily life and work situations statistically were compared between patients with or without endometriosis. Related risk factors of endometriosis were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results Univariate analysis showed that duration of menstruation, menstrual flow, menstrual cycle, dysmenorrhea, pain during menstrual bowel movement, history of infertility, history of ovarian cysts and history of polycystie ovary syndrome significantly differed between two groups （all P 〈 0. 05 ）. However, no significant differences were observed between two groups in menarche age, regularity of menstruation, dyspareunia, pelvic pain at ordinary times, times of pregnancy, parturition, abortion and ectopie pregnancy, history of sports, smoking and drink- ing. Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that heavy menstrual flow, dysmenorrhea, history of ovarian cysts, prolonged menstrual cycle were the risk factors of endometriosis. Conclusion The risk factors of endo- metriosis included heavy menstrual flow, dysmenorrhea, history of ovarian cysts and shortened menstrual cycle. Clinicians should pay attention to excluding endometriosis for patients with such clinical symptoms.