早发冠心病危险因素与冠状动脉病变特点的临床分析

目的控讨早发冠心病患者心血管疾病危险因素与冠状动脉造影病变特点的关系．方法回顾性分析300例在昆明市延安医院心内科行冠脉造影术确诊为冠心病的患者，按年龄分为早发冠心病组150例（男≤55岁，女≤65岁）和晚发冠心病组150例，对两组患者的体重指数（BMI）、早发心血管病家族史、吸烟史、糖尿病史、高血压病史、高血脂病史、饮酒史，血脂、血糖及冠脉病变情况进行统计学分析．结果早发冠心病组体重指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血脂史、早发冠心病家族史及甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（Tc）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、脂蛋白a（LPa）水平明显高于晚发冠心病组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；糖尿病发病率低于晚发冠心病组，差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）；冠脉病变主要是单支病变多见，与晚发冠心病组相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．结论早发心血管病家族史、高脂血症、肥胖、吸烟及饮酒是早发冠心病的主要危险因素，预防冠心病应从尽早积极控制心血管病危险因素开始，早期干预有助于降低早发冠心病发病率．

The Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Premature Coronary Artery Disease

Objective To investigate the correlation between the clinical characteristics of coronary lesions and risk factors of premature coronary heart disease （PCHD） . Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 300 patients with coronary artery disease confirmed by coronary angiography. The patients were divided by age into PCHD group and late CHD （LCHD） group, with 150 patients in each group. The relationship among the risk factors includingbodymassindex （BMI）, history of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, premature family history of cardiovascular disease, and level of ]ipidemia, and clinical features of coronary lesions in coronary features were analyzed. Results Patients with PCHD had higher levels of BMI, triglyceride tTG）, total cholesterol （TC）, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-c） and LP （a） and lower incidence of diabetes than those in LCHD group （P〈0.05） . Lesions in single branch of coronary artery were more common in patients with PCHD （P〈0.05） Conclusion Patients with PCHD have many clinical cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, smoking, drinking, premature family history of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipemia, so early control of risk factors and early prevention can help reduce the incidence of PCHD.