社区1~3岁儿童语言发育与屏幕暴露的相关性调查研究

目的 分析研究社区1~3岁儿童语言发育与屏幕暴露的相关性,为儿童屏幕暴露现状提供改进意见。方法 选取2016年1月-2018年7月于本院儿童保健门诊随访的1~3岁幼儿共827例,男童406例,女童421例,平均年龄为(24.5±5.3)月。采用自制式调查问卷,由本科保健医生指导调查对象的父母或抚养人现场完成,并结合Gesell 婴幼儿发育量表评估调查对象语言发育情况。结果 827例儿童中,93例诊断为语言发育迟缓,734例语言发育正常。两组儿童接触屏幕年龄段、儿童性别、家庭情况、母亲文化程度、父亲文化程度、母亲年龄、屏幕暴露时间、入睡是否规律、接触屏幕时家长陪同和限制屏幕暴露时间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),控制混杂因素影响后多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,屏幕暴露时间>2 h(OR=1.687,95%CI:1.022~2.236,P<0.001)、接触屏幕时无家长陪同(OR=2.035,95%CI:1.588~2.634,P=0.002)、未限制屏幕暴露时间(OR=1.475,95%CI:1.087~2.156,P=0.035)为语言发育迟缓的重要危险因素。结论 长时间的屏幕暴露会影响家庭语言环境和儿童睡眠,不利于儿童的语言发育,建议家长禁止小于18月的儿童接触屏幕,大于18月的儿童在家长陪同讲解下接触屏幕,时间控制在2 h以内,严格避免睡觉前观看电子屏幕。

Investigation on the relationship between language development and screen exposure in children aged 1 to 3 years in community

Objective To analyze the correlation between language development and screen exposure in children aged 1-3 years in community,so as to provide suggestions for improving the current situation of screen exposure in children.Methods A total of 827 children aged 1-3 years born in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2016 to July 2018 were enrolled in this study,including 406 boys and 421 girls with average age of(24.5±5.3)months old.Clinicians in Department of Pediatric Neurorehabilitation asked the subjects′medical history in detail,carried out physical examination and behavior observation,and evaluated the language development by Gesell Infant Development Scale and the Early Language Development Process Scale.Results Among 827 children,93 were diagnosed with language retardation and 734 were normal.There were significant difference on contacting screen age,children′s sex,family situation,parental education level,maternal age,screen exposure time,regular sleep habits,contacting screen accompanied by parents and limiting screen exposure time between language retardation group and normal group(P<0.05).After controlling confounding factors,Logistic regression analysis showed that screen exposure time>2 hours(OR=1.687,95%CI:1.022—2.236,P<0.001),contacting screen not accompanied by parent(OR=2.035,95%CI:1.588—2.634,P=0.002)and no limit of screen exposure time(OR=1.475,95%CI:1.087—2.156,P=0.035)were risk factors for language retardation.Conclusions Long-term screen exposure will affect the family language environment and children′s sleep,and is not conducive to children′s language development.Parents are advised to forbid children under 18 months old from screen exposure,and children over 18 months old are not allowed to touch the screen until accompanied by their parents.Moreover,screen time should be controlled within 2 hours,and watching the electronic screen before going to bed should be strictly avoided.