上海市某养老院老年人生活质量的影响因素分析

目的了解上海市某养老院老年人的生活质量及其影响因素，为行业管理部门制定养老服务的相关政策提供依据。方法2011年12月应用简明健康状况调查表（SF-36）、社会支持评定量表、老年抑郁量表（GDS）和孤独量表（UCLA—LS）对养老院内160名老年人进行调查，分析影响养老院老年人生活质量的因素以及生活质量与社会支持、抑郁、孤独的相关性。结果总调查人数160名，占该养老院老人总数的76．2％，年龄分布范围为60—98岁，平均年龄（82．0±8．8）岁。逐步多元线性回归分析显示，养老院老人生活质量中与生理功能明显相关的影响因素有3个，分别是有无子女、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价；与生理职能、社会功能、活力及情感职能明显相关的影响因素有3个，分别是有年龄、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价；与躯体疼痛明显相关的影响因素有2个，分别是性别、自我健康状况评价；与总体健康明显相关的影响因素有4个，分别是年龄、参加体育活动频率、慢性病数目、自我健康状况评价；与精神健康明显相关的影响因素有4个，分别是年龄、居住状况、参加体育活动频率、自我健康状况评价。Spearman秩相关分析显示，养老院老人客观支持与生活质量量表中情感职能、精神健康呈正相关，其主观支持、对社会支持利用度、社会支持总分与生活质量量表各维度均呈正相关；养老院老人其抑郁分值、孤独分值与生活质量量表各维度均呈负相关。结论影响养老院内老年人生活质量的因素众多，社会及家庭应予以关注。

Factors influencing quality of life of the elderly living at a nursing home of Shanghai

Objective To investigate the quality of life of the elderly living at a nursing home and its influencing factors. Methods One hundred and sixty elderly living at one nursing home of Shanghai completed 36-item Short Form （SF-36） Health Survey, Social Support Rate Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale （GDS） and UCLA Loneliness Scale （UCLA-LS） to evaluate the factors that influenced the quality of life and the relationship between quality of life, social support, depression and loneliness in December of 2011. Results The mean age of the elderly was （ 82. 0 -＋ 8.8 ）. The polynary linear step-wise regression analysis showed that physical function of the elderly was mainly influenced by having children or not, frequency of physical activity and self-assessment of health condition. Role-physical, social function, vitality and role-emotional of the elderly were mainly influenced by age, frequency of physical activity and self- assessment of health condition. Bodily pain of the elderly was mainly influenced by sex and self-assessment of health condition. General health of the elderly was mainly influenced by age, frequency of physical activity, chronic diseases, and self-assessment of health condition. Mental health of the elderly was mainly influenced by age, living status, frequency of physical activity and self-assessment of health condition. Subjective support was positively related to role-emotional and mental health. However, the life quality of the elderly was positively correlated with objective support, utilization of support, total score of social support and each dimension of SF-36. The depression and loneliness of the elderly were negtively related to each dimension of SF-36. Conclusions Multiple factors may influence the quality of life of the elderly. The whole society and famil3f members should make concern and set up better environment to for the elderly.