不同类型无偿献血者发生献血反应的情况分析

目的 通过分析不同类型无偿献血者献血反应的发生情况,探讨影响献血反应发生的主要因素.方法 选择2010年2月至2013年2月,于东营市中心血站献血的45 628例无偿献血者为研究对象.收集、整理献血者一般资料,比较不同性别、年龄、职业、学历无偿献血人群之间献血反应的发生率.结果 本组45 628例无偿献血者中,共954例发生献血反应,总献血反应发生率为2.09％.男性与女性献血者的献血反应发生率分别为2.05％（525/25 548）和2.15％（431/20 080）,二者比较,差异无统计学意义（x2 =0.54,P＞0.05）;不同年龄段献血者的献血反应发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（x2=268.99,P＜0.01）,其中18～25岁年龄段献血者的献血反应发生率最高,达3.58％（545/15 209）;不同职业献血者的献血反应发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（x2 =746.20,P＜0.01）,其中学生献血反应发生率最高,达5.87％（520/8 854）,军人献血反应发生率最低,为0.24％（10/4 120）;不同学历献血者的献血反应发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（x2=33.43,P＜0.01）,其中低学历献血者献血反应发生率最高,达3.75％（92/2 454）.结论 18～25岁年龄段、学生、低学历无偿献血人群发生献血反应的发生率相对较高,在采血时应引起注意,给予减慢采血速度、心理疏导、口服葡萄糖酸钙、创造良好的采血环境等干预措施,以减少献血反应的发生.

Analysis of Blood Reactions in Different Types of Unpaid Blood Donors

Objective To investigate main influence factors of blood donation reactions,through analyzing the incidences of blood donation reactions in different types of unpaid blood donors.Methods From February 2010 to February 2013,a total of 45 628 unpaid blood donors who donated blood in Blood Center of Dongying,were included in this study.These donors＇ general information was collected and organized.And the incidences of blood donation reactions in different gender,age,occupation,educational background were compared.Results In these 45 628 cases of unpaid donors,a total of 954 cases occurred donation reactions,the total donation reactions incidence was 2.09%.Blood reactions incidences were 2.05% （525/25 548） and 2.15% （431/20 080） in male and female donors,respectively.But the difference of donation reactions incidences in male and female donors was not statistically significant （x2 =0.54,P〉 0.05）.The difference of donation reactions incidences in donors of different ages was statistically significant （x2=268.99,P〈0.01）,and incidence in 18-25 years of age was highest,with number of 3.58% （545/15 209）.The difference of donation reactions incidences in donors of different occupations was statistically significant （x2 =746.20,P〈0.01）,and incidence in studies was highest,with number of 5.87%（520/8 854）; incidence in soldiers was lowest,with number of 0.24% （10/4 120）.The difference of donation reactions incidences in donors of different educational background was statistically significant （x2 =33.43,P〈0.01）,and incidence in less-educated donors was highest,with number of 3.75% （92/2 454）.Conclusions In different unpaid blood donors,over 18-25 years of age,students,and less-educated donors＆#39; donation reactions incidences were relatively high,who should be given attentions by slowing down the speed of blood sampling,psychological counseling,oral calcium gluconate,creating a good environment,and other intervention measures,in order to reduce blood donation reactions.