干姜与附子配伍减毒的物质基础探讨

目的探讨干姜与附子共煎减小附子毒性的有效部位及其机理。方法取干姜的水提物及醋酸乙酯、氯仿和石油醚的提取物分别与附子共煎,取各种煎液进行小鼠口服给药的急性毒性实验及用HPLC法测定煎液中乌头碱,次乌头碱的含量。结果干姜与附子合煎有减小附子毒性的作用,但共煎液中的乌头碱含量增加,次乌头碱含量减小。干姜的氯仿提取物及石油醚提取物与附子共煎可明显减小附子的毒性,同时煎液中乌头碱含量明显减小。尤其是石油醚提取物同时使次乌头碱的煎出量也明显减小。干姜的醋酸乙酯提取物与附子共煎,可明显减小附子的毒性,但煎液中的乌头碱、次乌头碱含量均增加。干姜的水提物与附子共煎毒性略增大,乌头碱与次乌头碱的煎出量略有增加。结论干姜与附子共煎有减轻附子毒性作用。干姜中的氯仿、石油醚提取物可能通过减少乌头碱等有毒物质的煎出量而减小附子的毒性,干姜中的醋酸乙酯提取物可能具有同附子中的有毒生物碱发生某种结合而抑制其吸收的作用,也可能具有吸收后在体内发挥拮抗附子所含有毒生物碱毒性作用。

The Effective Components of Radix Ginger on Reducing the Toxicity of Radix Aconiti Laterlis

ObjectiveTo investigate the effective components of Radix Ginger(RG) on reducing the toxicity of Radix Aconiti Laterlis(RAL) and the related mechanisms.MethodsRAL and the water extract of RG,RAL and the ethyl acetate extract,RAL and the chloroform extract and RAL and the benzinum extract were boiled for 30min respectively.HPLC was used to measure the concentrations of aconitine and hypaconitine in each decoction.Meanwhile,the acute toxicity of the above decoctions was determined by oral administration in mice respectively.ResultsRG had the effect on reducing the toxicity of RAL when RG and RAL were boiled together.The concentration of aconitine in this decoction increased while the concentration of hypaconitine was reduced.The chloroform extract and the benzinum extract had strong effects on reducing the toxicity of RAL,meanwhile the concentration of aconitine in the decoctions was reduced.Especially in the benzinum extract and RAL decoction both aconitine and hypaconitine concentrations were reduced obviously.The ethyl acetate extract could strongly reduce the toxicity of RAL,however,the concentrations of aconitine and hypaconitine increased.The water extract could slightly increase the toxicity of RAL and the concentrations of aconitine and hypaconitine increased.ConclusionRG has the effect on reducing the toxicity of RAL when RG and RAL are boiled together.The chloroform extract and the benzinum extract of RG have the strong effect on reducing the toxicity of RAL by restraining the dissolution of the toxic alkalines contained in RAL into the decoction.The ethyl acetate extract may combine with the toxic alkalines,postpone the absorption of the combined compounds,and reduce the acute toxicity of RAL or have the effect on antagonizing the toxic effects of alkalines contained in RAL after it has absorbed the ethyl acetate extract.