去甲斑蝥素对荷瘤裸鼠胆囊癌移植瘤的抗癌作用机制

目的 探讨去甲斑蝥素（NCTD）对荷瘤裸鼠胆囊癌移植瘤的抗癌作用机制。方法 在建立裸鼠胆囊癌移植瘤动物模型的基础上进行肿瘤增殖、侵袭、转移体内干预实验,实验分空白对照、氟尿嘧啶、NCTD、NCTD＋氟尿嘧啶4组。6周末应用链霉素亲和生物素复合物（SABC）法检测移植瘤增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、Ki-67、细胞周期素D1（cyclin D1）、p27、Bcl-2蛋白,逆转录PCR（RT-PCR）检测PCNA、cyclin D1、p27、Bcl-2、Bax、存活素（Survivin）基因mRNA。HE染色观察瘤周癌细胞浸润、侵袭,解剖显微镜下观察肺组织转移瘤结节,并采用SABC和RT-PCR检测nm23、金属蛋白酶2（MMP2）及其组织抑制剂（TIMP2）蛋白和mRNA。结果 NCTD组增殖相关PCNA、Ki-67、cyclin D1蛋白表达下降,p27蛋白表达上升;PCNA mRNA、cyclin D1 mRNA表达下降,p27 mRNA表达增高。NCTD组凋亡相关Bcl-2蛋白表达下降;Bcl-2 mRNA、Survivin mRNA表达下降,Bax mRNA表达增高。NCTD显著减少荷瘤鼠移植瘤的瘤周癌细胞浸润和肺转移结节（P〈0．01）;NCTD组转移相关MMP2蛋白表达下降,nm23、TIMP2蛋白表达上升;nm23-H,mRNA、TIMP2 mRNA表达增高。结论 NCTD抑制荷瘤裸鼠胆囊癌移植瘤增殖、侵袭和转移的机制可能与NCTD干扰胆囊癌移植瘤细胞周期,抑制细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,阻止细胞迁移运动,以及影响细胞增殖、细胞周期调控、细胞凋亡、细胞基质溶解和转移相关基因蛋白表达有关。

Anti-tumor mechanism of norcantharidin for the implanted tumors of human gallbladder carcinoma in nude mice in vivo

OBJECTIVE: To explore the anti-tumor mechanism of norcantharidin (NCTD) for the implanted tumors of human gallbladder carcinoma in nude mice in vivo. METHODS: Animal model of implanted tumors of human gallbladder carcinoma in nude mice was established. Mice were randomly divided into control, 5-FU, NCTD and NCTD + 5-FU groups and were taken different treatment. The expressions of PCNA, Ki-67, cyclin D1, p27, Bcl-2, Bax, Survivin, nm23/nm23-H1, MMP2 and TIMP2 proteins or genes in each tissue section of every group were determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: (1) On proliferation-related gene proteins, the expression of PCNA, Ki-67, cyclin D1 was significantly decreased, with significantly increased expression of p27 protein, in paraffin sections of NCTD group when compared with control group (P < 0.05); The expression of PCNA mRNA, cyclin D1 mRNA was decreased, with significantly increased expression of p27 mRNA in NCTD group. (2) On apoptosis-related gene proteins, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased in paraffin sections of NCTD group when compared with control group (P < 0.05); The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA, Survivin mRNA was significantly decreased, with significantly increased expression of Bax mRNA in NCTD group. (3) There was significant difference on invasion around tumor and lung metastasis in NCTD group when compared with control group (P < 0.01). On metastasis-related gene proteins, the expression of nm23 and TIMP2 was significantly increased, with significantly decreased expression of MMP2 in paraffin sections of NCTD group when compared with control group (P < 0.05); The expression of nm23-H1 mRNA, TIMP2 mRNA was significantly increased, with significantly decreased expression of MMP2 mRNA in NCTD group. CONCLUSIONS: The anti-tumor mechanism of NCTD for human gallbladder carcinoma in nude mice might correlated with inhibition of cell proliferation, blockage of cell cycle, induction of cell apoptosis, reducing of cell motility and invasive capability, alteration of the expression of proliferation-, apoptosis- and metastasis-related gene proteins such as PCNA, Ki-67, cyclin D1, p27, Bcl-2, Bax, Survivin, nm23, MMP2 and TIMP2.