颌骨前移治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的CT研究

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome，OSAHS）外科治疗的解剖形态学基础。方法小下颌畸形伴OSAHS患者共9例，平均年龄28．6岁（18—39岁），所有患者均经正颌外科和（或）颌骨牵引成骨治疗，手术前、后行多道睡眠监测仪监测及螺旋CT扫描，分别评价手术疗效并比较患者上气道三维结构的变化。结果9例患者经外科治疗后均达临床治愈标准；手术后上气道的矢状径、横径、横截面积及容积均较术前明显增加，其中矢状径的增加最显著，变化主要发生在口咽及舌咽，喉咽变化不明显。结论正颌外科及颌骨牵引成骨是使腭咽及舌咽的矢状径增加从而有效治疗小下颌畸伴OSAHS。

Upper airway morphologic changes in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome patients before and after orthognathic surgery and distraction osteogenesis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphologic changes of upper airway in obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) associated with micrognathism before and after orthognathic surgery and distraction osteogenesis, and subsequently to instruct clinical jobs effectively. METHODS: Nine OSAHS patients associated with micrognathism (8 males, 1 female, mean age: 28.6 years) received orthognathic surgery and (or) distraction osteogenesis, and the curative effect was evaluated according to the subjective feelings and PSG. Upper airway structure before and after the treatment was measured by Somatom Sensation 16 CT scaner. RESULTS: All 9 patients were clinically cured. The transverse length, the cross section area, and especially the sagittal length of the upper airway were obviously increased after the orthognathic surgery. The changes involved mainly in the velopharyngeal region and the lingopharyngeal region, but not in the laryngopharyngeal region. CONCLUSIONS: The orthognathic surgery and distraction osteogenesis can treat the OSAHS patients with microgonathism effectively by increasing their velopharyngeal and lingopharyngeal sagittal length of upper airway.