CT平扫轴向旋转视频显像在复杂性肾结石经皮肾镜取石术中的应用

目的 探讨CT平扫轴向旋转视频显像在复杂性肾结石经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)中的应用价值. 方法 伴轻、中度肾积水的铸型多发性肾结石患者33例,单侧31例、双侧2例.术前行双肾64层螺旋CT平扫,经三维重建后合成轴向旋转视频影像,根据影像显示的结石空间分布关系,测量PCNL通道与目标肾小盏的角度,了解通道的有效覆盖范围,据此设计PCNL通道人路和数目、预测结石可能残余的数目和部位并与手术结果比较. 结果 经后组中上小盏建立第一通道22侧肾,经后组中下小盏建立第一通道13侧肾,与术前视频显像设计一致,经下盏后上小盏为第二通道入路9侧肾,经下盏后下小盏为第二通道入路5侧肾,一期行PCNL,结石清除率为80%(28/35),7侧肾残余结石与术前视频显像预测的残余结石相符.术中、术后无大出血及其他严重并发症发生.结论双肾CT平扫轴向旋转视频显像可直观地提供结石形态和空间分布等信息,有助于设计PCNL通道入路及数目,指导结石寻找,预测残余结石数目与部位,有利于复杂性肾结石PCNL结石清除和手术安全性.

Non-enhanced CT axis rotating movie imaging in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complex renal calculi

Objective To discuss the clinical application and significance of non-enhanced computed tomography axis rotating movie imaging technique in PCNL for complex renal calculi. Methods Thirty-one cases unilateral and 2 cases bilateral multiple and staghorn renal calculi with mild or mediurn hydronephrosis patients were performed bilateral kidneys non-enhanced CT scanning,three dimensional reconstruction and the axis rotating movie composition were carried on by computer software,PCNL accesses were designed and the residual stone were predicted referred to the access-calyces angle measured in axis rotating movie image,PCNL were performed after while.Comparing between preoperation accesses design and residual stone prediction with in-operation practice were carried out.Results The first PCNL access was constructed via posterior middle upper minor calyces in 22 renal units and via posterior middle lower minor calyces in 13 renal units,which was consistent with pre-operation design according to CT axis rotating movie image.The second PCNL accesses were constructed via lower calyx posterior upper minor calyces in 9 renal units and via lower calyx posterior lower minor calyces in 5 renal units,nephrolithotomy were performed in the same operation,clinical stone clearance rate was 80%(28/35),other 7 cases with residual stone were consistent with pre-operation prediction,No blood transfusion was necessary and no severe complication happened in all 33 cases.Conclusions Non-enhanced CT axis rotating movie imaging provided the detail three dimensional shape and spatial structure of complex renal calculi intuitively) that was benefit for designing appropriate PCNL accesses for complex renal calculi patients, guiding for searching stone fragments in operation, predicting residual stone, and ensuring operation safety.