Minimally invasive endoscopic-assisted parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism

Background: Minimally invasive surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) depends on both an accurate preoperative localization and the availability of intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring. Methods: Patients with sporadic pHPT and one unequivocally enlarged parathyroid gland on preoperative imaging underwent endoscopic-assisted parathyroidectomy. Intraoperative rapid parathyroid hormone (quick PTH) monitoring was performed, and surgical success was confirmed when there was a >50% decrease in quick PTH level 10 min after excision as compared with the baseline level at induction. The surgical outcome and the use of preoperative localization, together with the role played by quick PTH assay in enhancing the operative success, were evaluated. Results: From 1999 to 2002, 66 of 107 patients (62%) were selected for this approach. The accuracy of ^99mTc-Sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasonography was 97% and 70%, respectively. Conversion was required in four cases due to technical problems, and four additional patients failed to show a significant decline in quick PTH levels postexcision. Two patients underwent cervical exploration without the finding of any additional pathology, and another two patients had a delayed drop in quick PTH that was confirmed 30 min postexcision. All patients had a solitary adenoma and were cured of hypercalcemia during a median follow-up of 9 months. Conclusions: Minimally invasive endoscopic-assisted parathyroidectomy can be performed expeditiously in a select group of patients based on ^99mTc-Sestamibi scintigraphy. The use of quick PTH assay can ensure surgical success, but careful interpretation of the results is mandatory.