新生儿窒息126例临床分析

目的：通过对126例窒息新生儿临床分析，探讨其影响因素及其并发症，为制定新生儿窒息的预防和处理提供科学依据。方法选取2012年1月至2014年12月安康市妇幼保健院产科出生的126例新生儿窒息住院患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果连续3年新生儿窒息发生率差异均无统计学意义（χ2值分别为0．21、0．23、0．90，均P＞0．05）；新生儿窒息发生围产因素主要为胎儿宫内窘迫、低出生体重儿、羊水污染、早产、胎膜早破，所占比例分别为31．75％、29．36％、22．22％、22．22％、21．43％；新生儿窒息并发症主要包括吸入性肺炎、新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ HIE）、黄疸、颅内出血、低钠血症、低钙血症、心肌损害、消化道出血，分别占86．51％、77．77％、68．25％、53．97％、45．24％、31．75％、30．95％、11．11％。结论新生儿窒息关键在于预防，加强产前监测，及时了解有无胎儿宫内窘迫的发生，监测有异常者及时采取有效措施，加强产儿科合作，分娩时实施新法新生儿复苏，在窒息新生儿处理上清理呼吸道是关键，在复苏后处理上早期要维持内环境稳定，减少脑损害及心肌损害。

Clinical analysis of 126 neonatal asphyxia cases

Objective To explore the influencing factors and complications of asphyxia neonates by conducting clinical analysis of 126 cases of asphyxia , so as to provide reliable evidence for prevention and treatment of neonatal asphyxia .Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 126 cases of neonatal asphyxia hospitalized in Ankang Maternal and Child Health Institute from January 2012 to December 2014.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of neonatal asphyxia in department of obstetrics in the institute among three years (χ2 value was 0.21, 0.23 and 0.90, respectively, all P>0.05).Fetal intrauterine distress, low birth weight, amniotic fluid pollution , premature delivery and premature rupture of membranes were the main factors of the occurrence of neonatal asphyxia, and they accounted for 31.75%, 29.36%, 22.22%, 22.22% and 21.43%, respectively.Neonatal asphyxia complications included aspiration pneumonia , hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy ( HIE ) , jaundice , intracranial hemorrhage , hyponatremia , hypocalcemia , myocardial damage and gastrointestinal bleeding , accounting for 86.51%, 77.77%, 68.25%, 53.97%, 45.24%, 31.75%, 30.95%and 11.11%, respectively.Conclusion Prevention is the key .Great efforts should be attached to strengthen prenatal monitoring and understand the possibility of occurrence of fetal distress timely .Effective measures need to be taken in time for abnormality , and cooperation between department of obstetrics and pediatrics should be strengthened .New recovery technology of neonatal asphyxia is critical.The key in treatment of neonatal asphyxia is to clean the upper respiratory tract .After consciousness stability of internal environment should be maintained early to reduce brain and myocardium damage .