Prevention of the murine model of biliary atresia after live rotavirus vaccination of dams

Purpose

Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal disease that results in the obliteration of the biliary tree. The murine model of BA has been established where rhesus rotavirus (RRV) infection of newborn mice leads to an obstructive cholangiopathy. We determined whether maternal postconception rotavirus vaccination could prevent the murine model of BA.

Materials and Methods

Female mice were mated and injected intraperitoneally with one of the following materials: purified rotavirus strains RRV or Wa, high or low-dose Rotateq (Merck and Co Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ) (a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine [PRV]), purified recombinant viral antigens of rotavirus (VP6) or influenza (NP), or saline. B-cell-deficient females also underwent postconception PRV injection.

Results

Maternal vaccination with PRV improves survival of pups infected with RRV. Serum rotavirus IgG, but not IgA, levels were increased in pups delivered from dams who received RRV, Wa, PRV, or VP6, but in the case of the Wa, PRV, and VP6 groups, these antibodies were not neutralizing. Postconception injection of high-dose PRV did not improve survival of pups born to B-cell-deficient dams.

Conclusion

Maternal vaccination against RRV can prevent the rotavirus-induced murine model of BA in newborn mouse pups.