21-羟化酶缺乏症患者CYP21基因点突变研究

目的 了解CYP21基因编码区的常见突变谱和突变热点,并分析基因型和表现型的关系。方法 对来自51个家庭的52例21-羟化酶缺乏症患者的全长CYP21基因分两个片断进行特异性聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增,在此基础上进行相应的巢式PCR扩增,再根据突变的特点分别采用限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)和扩增产生酶切位点(ACRS)的方法,检测6种突变：P30L、12g(内含子2的nt656a／c→g剪切突变)、E3△8nt(外显子3第111～113密码子的8bp缺失)、I172N、V281L和Q318X。结果 在102个等位基因中,除了27个等位基因外都能够确定基因型。最常见的突变为12g,其发生频率为31％,其次为I172N(23％),Q318x(14％),V281L(9％),P30L(3％),E3△8nt(2％),其中有2个以上复合突变的等位基因占6％。失盐型患者最常见的突变为12g(45．7％)和Q318X(26％)。单纯型最常见的突变为I172N(40．7％)和12g(18．5％)。结论 本组52例患者中,73％的等位基因突变为上述6种突变,以12g和I172N为突变热点,2种突变占54％。上述结果为进一步的遗传咨询和产前诊断服务提供了有用的信息。

CYP21 gene point mutations study in 21-hydroxylase deficiency patients

OBJECTIVE: The major cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which accounts for 90% - 95% of all cases in most populations. This study was conducted to characterize the molecular basis of the 21-hydroxylase deficiency and to obtain the spectrum of the CYP21 gene mutations in a group of Chinese patients, and analyze the relationship of genotype and phenotype. METHODS: To detect the distribution of gene mutations in Chinese population samples from 52 patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency from 51 families were collected, including two parents samples in 30 patients and one parents sample in 10 patients. Blood samples were obtained for extraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by nesed PCR were used to study the 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21) mutations. The primary PCR amplified two overlapping CYP21-specific DNA fragments, The product of the nested PCR which used products from the primary PCR was analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or amplification-created restriction site (ACRS). All patients were studied by 6 mutations, including P30L, I2g (intron 2 nt 656 c/a-->g splice mutation), E3Delta8nt (exon 3 codon111-codon113 8 bp deletion), I172N, V281L and Q318X. RESULTS: Through analysis of 52 patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency, in 5 patients no mutations were detected, in 17 patients only one mutated allele could be characterized, two different mutations were identified in 21 patients, three mutations were detected in 2 patients. Totally, in 73% of alleles the genotypes could be detected. The most common mutation was I2g, which present on 31% affected alleles, then followed by I172N, Q318X, V281L, P30L, E3Delta8nt, accounting for 23%, 14%, 9%, 3%, 2% of all identified mutations respectively, which included multiple mutations accounting for 6%. The most frequent molecular defects of the salt-wasting form were the I2g (45.7%), Q318X (26%). Of the simple virilizing form, the dominant mutations were I172N (40.7%) and I2g (18.5%). CONCLUSION: Six different mutations were examined in this study, and the detected mutations accounted for 73% affected alleles, in which I2g and I172N were the most common mutations (accounting for 54%). Correlation between genotypes and phenotypes was compatible with the reported data. Two rounds of PCR followed by RFLP or ACRS analysis may provide important information for genetic counseling and for prenatal diagnosis.