日本福岛事故10周年剂量与健康效应评估

为简述并探讨福岛核事故10年来造成的应急人员和公众的受照剂量及其健康影响，全面梳理评估联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会的最新报告和其他重要研究成果，并追踪含氚废水排放等近期热点问题。结果显示，由于福岛事故造成的公众受照剂量较低，无法观察到白血病和甲状腺癌等发病率的增加；事故救援人员中已经有4例因患白血病、甲状腺癌被认定为工伤；福岛县及周边地区生产的大部分食品放射性铯浓度已低于100 Bq/kg的新标准限值。福岛事故中一些应急防护行动未能有效实施，导致部分公众接受了本可避免或降低的照射；同时，部分过度防护措施又造成弊大于利，并引起社会心理效应。此外，我国应持续关注和监测评估日本核污水排放的影响。

An assessment of the radiation dose and health effects of the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan over the past 10 years

To sketch out and investigate the radiation dose and health effects of the Fukushima nuclear accident on the emergency personnel and the public over the past 10 years, a comprehensive review and an assessment were performed on the latest report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and other important research findings, and recent hot issues such as the discharge of tritium-containing wastewater were tracked. The results showed that due to the low dose of public exposure caused by the Fukushima accident, increases in the incidence of leukemia and thyroid cancer were not observed. There have been four rescuers in the accident who were identified with occupational injuries due to leukemia and thyroid cancer. Most foods produced in Fukushima Prefecture and surrounding areas have had a radioactive cesium concentration below the new limit of 100 Bq/kg. In the Fukushima accident, some emergency protective actions were not implemented effectively, which exposed some of the public to radiation that could have been avoided or reduced. At the same time, some excessive protective measures did more harm than good, and caused psychosocial effects. In addition, it is necessary for China to continuously pay attention to and monitor and evaluate the effects of Japan’s nuclear wastewater discharge.