基于网络爬虫的英国政府网站结核病主题政策发文计量分析

目的 从多维度分析英国政府网站结核病主题发文记录,研究英国政府防控结核病的政策力量与关注重点,为我国结核病防控工作提供参考。 方法 通过计算机编程语言(Python)与相关爬虫软件对英国政府网站(www.gov.uk)进行关键词爬取,删除重复记录后得到1530条结核病主题相关发文记录,首先分别就全部1530条记录、331条与政策相关性较高的记录进行主题、类型和发文主体的分析,然后对113条牛结核病、111条人患结核病相关记录进行内容分析或高频关键词分析。 结果 1530条结核病发文主题数量前3位分别为“卫生与社会保障”(281条)、“入境英国与居住”(144条)和“环境”(136条),发文类型数量最多的是“指导与监管”(364条);相关性较高的331条发文记录主要类型也是“指导与监管”(111条),集中在2013年(31条)和2014年(30条),同一时期英国结核病报告发病例数(尤其是非英国出生人群)明显下降;113条牛结核病发文记录中明确提到感染动物种类最多的是“獾”(24条);111条人患结核病发文记录共标记579个关键词,分析得到24个高频关键词,聚类整合后得到3大高频关键词主题群,分别为结核病预防控制策略(10个)、结核病流行病学(8个)和结核病临床技术(6个)。 结论 英国政府防控结核病的工作重点包括针对移民群体的“外防输入”防控模式、“同一健康”理念下的人兽共患病综合治理、加强对社会和经济因素干预的多部门多层级联合行动,其防控理念和策略为我国提供了有益参考。

Bibliometric analysis of tuberculosis in UK government website based on web crawler quantitative analysis of policy documents

Objective A multi-dimensional analysis of the United Kingdom (UK) government website tuberculosis (TB) issue record, reflecting the British government’s policy force and focus of TB prevention and control was conducted to provide reference for the TB prevention and control in China. Methods Web crawler operation in Python, a computer programming language, was carried out in UK government website (www.gov.uk) and 1530 records on TB were obtained. After deleting duplicate records, all the 1530 records and 331 records with high policy-relevance were analyzed, respectively, in terms of topics, types, and publishing authorities. Then, 113 bovine TB records and 111 human TB records were analyzed on content or keywords with high frequency, respectively. Results Of all the 1530 records, the top 3 topics were “Health and social care” (n=281), “Entering and staying in the UK” (n=144), and “Environment”(n=136), “guidance and regulation” (n=364) had the largest number of document types. The main type of 331 records with high policy relevance was “Guidance and regulation” (n=111), mainly found in year 2013 (n=31) and 2014 (n=30). During the same period, the number of TB cases reported in Britain (especially non-British-born population) significantly decreased. Among the 113 bovine TB records, the most mentioned infected animal species was “badger” (n=24). A total of 579 keywords were labeled in 111 human TB records and 24 keywords with high frequency were clustered into 3 topics, including TB prevention and control strategy (n=10), TB epidemiology (n=8), and TB clinical technology (n=6). Conclusion The focus of the UK government’s prevention and control of TB included the prevention and control mode of “external input” for the immigrant group, the comprehensive treatment of zoonosis combined with the concept of “the same health”, and the strengthening of multi-sectoral and multi-level joint action on social and economic factors. The concept and strategy of prevention and control provided a useful reference for China.