39例颞下窝A型入路切除颈静脉球瘤的疗效:改进与实践

  目的  对颞下窝A型入路进行改进，并对其切除颈静脉球瘤(glomus jugulare tumor, GJT)的临床效果进行总结。  方法  回顾性纳入2014年5月至2019年12月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院行肿瘤切除术的GJT患者。手术方式以颞下窝A型入路为基础，并在面神经前移、乙状窦处理方式方面予以改进。术后6 h复查CT评估有无出血灶，术后2周复查MRI明确有无肿瘤残留。对患者定期随访，术后1年复查MRI了解有无复发征象并评估面神经功能。  结果  共纳入39例行改进的颞下窝A型入路肿瘤切除术GJT患者。其中术前面神经功能House-Brackmann(HB)分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ级分别为12例、6例、8例、9例、3例、1例。39例患者均顺利完成手术，术后无死亡、偏瘫、颅内感染等严重并发症发生。1例发生脑脊液漏，经脑脊液引流等保守治疗后症状消失。术后6 h颅脑CT检查均未发现颅内出血；术后2周MRI检查示37例(94.9%)患者肿瘤病灶完整切除，2例(5.1%)患者为近全切除。术后1年，面神经功能HB分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ级分别为8例、16例、9例、4例、2例、0例，面神经功能较术前改善(P＜0.05)。术后1年，1例患者肿瘤复发，予以补充放疗，随访过程中肿瘤无显著增大。  结论  改进的颞下窝A型入路GJT切除术不仅可保留经典颞下窝A型入路的优势，且通过改变面神经前移方式有助于保全面神经功能、通过压闭而非结扎乙状窦减少脑损伤及脑脊液漏的发生，提高了手术效果。

The Clinical Effects of Modified Infratemporal Fossa Approach Type A for Glomus Jugulare Tumors in 39 Patients

  Objective  To analyze the clinical effects of modified infratemporal fossa type A approach for glomus jugulare tumors.  Methods  The clinical data of patients with glomus jugulare tumors who received modified infratemporal fossa approach type A from May 2014 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected in the Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Modified infratemporal fossa approach type A was performed and improved on two aspects: anterior transfer of facial nerve and management of sigmoid sinus. CT was performed 6 hours after surgery to exclude intracranial hemorrhage. MRI was reviewed 2 weeks after surgery to define residual tumor, and every year to determine recurrence. Follow-up was conducted to assess the facial nerve function.  Results  A total of 39 patients were included in this study. Patients' grades of preoperative facial nerve function according to House-Brackmann (HB) were as following: grade Ⅰ in 12 patients, grade Ⅱ in 6 cases, grade Ⅲ in 8 cases, grade Ⅳ in 9 cases, grade Ⅴ in 3 cases, and grade Ⅵ in 1 case. All 39 patients successfully completed surgery, and there were no deaths and no severe complications such as hemiplegia, or intracranial infections. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 1 case and drainage was performed. There was no intracranial hemorrhage in the CT exam 6 hours after surgery. Total resection was performed in 37 cases (94.9%) and nearly total resection in 2 cases (5.1%). The postoperative facial function after 1 year was HB grade Ⅰ in 8 patients, grade Ⅱ in 16 cases, grade Ⅲ in 9 cases, grade Ⅳ in 4 cases, grade Ⅴ in 2 cases. The facial function was improved after the surgery(P < 0.05). One year after surgery, tumor recurrence occurred in 1 patient and radiotherapy was performed. There was no significant tumor enlargement during follow-up.  Conclusions  The modified infratemporal fossa approach type A keeps the advantage of classical approach. By adjusting the anterior transfer of the facial nerve, the preservation of facial nerve function was improved. By compressing the sigmoid sinus instead of ligation, the occurrence of brain injury and cerebrospinal fluid leakage were reduced.