Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability of Asiaticoside,Madecassoside and Asiatic Acid in Porcine Brain Endothelial Cell Model |
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| Authors: | Nur Aziah Hanapi Ahmad Saifuddin Mohamad Arshad Jafri Malin Abdullah Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad Siti R. Yusof |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia;2. Brain and Behaviour Cluster, Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia;3. Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Neurotherapeutic potentials of Centella asiatica and its reputation to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions are widely acknowledged. The plant's bioactive compounds, i.e. asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid were reported to have central nervous system (CNS) actions, particularly in protecting the brain against neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, it is important for these compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to be clinically effective therapeutics. This study aimed to explore the capability of asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid to cross the BBB using in vitro BBB model from primary porcine brain endothelial cells (PBECs). Our findings showed that asiaticoside, madecassoside and asiatic acid are highly BBB permeable with apparent permeability (Papp) of 70.61 ± 6.60, 53.31 ± 12.55 and 50.94 ± 10.91 × 10?6 cm/s respectively. No evidence of cytotoxicity and tight junction disruption of the PBECs were observed in the presence of these compounds. Asiatic acid showed cytoprotective effect towards the PBECs against oxidative stress. This study reported for the first time that Centella asiatica compounds demonstrated high capability to cross the BBB, comparable to central nervous system drugs, and therefore warrant further development as therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. |
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| Keywords: | Blood-brain barrier Permeability Endothelial Natural products Central nervous system Aβ" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0045" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" amyloid-β AD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0065" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Alzheimer's disease BBB" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0075" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" blood-brain barrier BSA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0085" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" bovine serum albumin CNS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0105" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" central nervous system carbon dioxide CPT-cAMP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0125" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 8-(4-chlorophenylthio) adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt DMEM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0145" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium DMSO" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0155" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" dimethyl sulfoxide FBS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0165" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" fetal bovine serum GLUT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0175" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" glucose transporter HBA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0185" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" hydrogen bond acceptor HBD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0195" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" hydrogen bond donor hBMECs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0205" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" human brain microvascular endothelial cells HBSS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0215" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Hank's balanced salt solution hydrogen peroxide HPLC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0235" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" high performance liquid chromatography ISF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0245" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" interstitial fluid MPTP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0255" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine MTT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0265" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide NaF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0275" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" sodium fluorescein NO" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0285" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" nitrogen oxide singlet oxygen ·OH" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0305" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" hydroxyl radicals apparent permeability PBECs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0335" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" porcine brain endothelial cells PBS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0345" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" phosphate buffered saline ROS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0355" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" reactive oxygen species SEM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0365" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" standard error of the mean SOD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0385" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" superoxide dismutase TEER" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0395" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" transendothelial electrical resistance TPSA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0405" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" topological polar surface area UV" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0415" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" ultraviolet |
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