燃煤污染型氟中毒大鼠学习记忆能力及胆碱酯酶活性改变

目的 观察燃煤污染型氟中毒大鼠学习记忆能力的变化,探讨其发生机制.方法 健康SD大鼠48只,按染氟剂量分为对照、低氟、高氟3组.低氟组、高氟组大鼠以燃煤型地方病氟中毒重病区燃煤烘烤的当地玉米为主要饲料,复制氟中毒大鼠模型,实验期为3、6个月,各8只大鼠.实验结束时用Morris水迷宫方法检测大鼠行为学变化,并用比色法测定脑组织乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶活性.结果 染氟剂量对逃避潜伏期时间、第7天穿过平台次数、逗留平台象限时间有明显影响(F值分别为29.29、6.47、6.50,P均<0.01):染氟时间对第7天穿过平台次数和逗留平台象限时间有明显影响(F值分别为16.11、45.59,P均<0.01);染氟剂量和时间对第7天穿过平台次数和逗留平台象限时间有交互作用(F值分别为4.67、5.68,P<0.05或<0.01).3个月时,高氟组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间[(14.71±4.85)s]较对照组[(9.28±4.22)s]明显增加(P<0.05);6个月时,低氟组、高氟组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间[(12.42±8.03)、(17.48±8.05)s]较对照组[(7.04±3.29)s]延长(P均<0.05),高氟组第7天穿过平台次数[(1.62±0.87)次]和逗留平台象限时间[(16.70±5.02)s]较对照组[(3.53±1.67)次、(23.33±5.35)s]降低(P均<0.05).染氟剂量对乙酰胆碱酯酶与丁酰胆碱酯酶活性均有明显影响(F值分别为12.83、13.27,P均<0.01);染氟时间对丁酰胆碱酯酶活性有明显影响(F=16.26,P<0.01).3个月时,低氟组丁酰胆碱酯酶活性[(0.55±0.12)kU/g]明显低于对照组[(0.73±0.10)kU/g,P<0.05],高氟组乙酰胆碱酯酶[(0.62±0.42)kU/g]和丁酰胆碱酯酶活性[(0.58±0.10)kU/g]均明显低于对照组[(1.41±0.52)、(0.73±0.10)kU/g,P均<0.05].胆碱酯酶活性与逃避潜伏期时间呈负相关(r=-0.68,P<0.01),胆碱酯酶活性与逗留平台象限时间呈正相关(r=0.57,P<0.01).结论 燃煤污染型慢性氟中毒大鼠学习记忆能力减退,可能与脑组织胆碱酯酶活性下降有关,二者间有量效关系.

Changes in learning and memory ability and brain cholinesterase activity in the rats with coal burning fluorosis

Objective To observe the influence of coal burning fluorosis on learning and memory ability in rats and reveal its possible mechanisms. Methods Healthy 48 SD rats were divided into control, low-fluoride and high-fluoride group. All rats in fluoride exposed groups were fed with the eom polluted by drying processes with burning coal containing high level of fluoride obtained from the endemic fluorosis area to produce the animal model of fluorosis. The experiment period were 3,6 mouths, respectively. The ability of leaning and memory was measured by Morris test and cholinesterase activity detected by photometric method at 3 or 6 month after experiment, respectively. Results Fluoride contents signifieantlly influenced the escape latency, the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms(the value of F was 29.29,6.47,6.50, respectively, P<0.01).In addition, the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms were influenced by the exposed time(the value of F was 16.11,45.59, P<0.01). Furthermore, the fluoride contents and the exposed time had an interaction between the numbers of crossing the platforms and the time of staying the platforms (the value of F was 4.67,5.68, P<0.05 or<0.01). Three months after the experiment, the mean values of escape latency [(14.71± 4.85)s] of rats in highly fluoride exposed group were significantly prolonged as compared with controls [(9.28±4.22)s]; 6 month after the experiment, the mean values of escape latency[(12.42±8.03)s, (17.48± 8.05)s] of rats in both groups exposed to fluoride were significantly prolonged as compared to controls [(7.04± 3.29)s, P<0.05]. The decreased numbers of crossing the platforms[(1.62±0.87)number] and the declined time of staying the platforms[(16.70±5.02)s] were found in the rats exposed to high fluoride as compared to controls [(3.53±1.67 )number, (23.33±5.35)s, P<0.05]. The fluoride contents obviously influenced the activities of acetylcholinesterase and butylcolinesterase (the value of F was 12.83,13.27, P<0.01). On the other hand, the times of breeding also influnced the activities of butylcolinesterase (the value of F was 16.26, P<0.01). In 3 months of the experiment, the activities of butylcolinesterase [(0.55±0.12)kU/g] in low fluoride exposed group were significantly decreased in comparison with controls[(0.73±0.10)kU/g, P<0.05]. The activities of acetylcholinesterase[(0.62±0.42)kU/g] and butylcolioesterase[(0.58±0.10)kU/g] in high fluoride group were significantly decreased as compared to eontrois[(1.41±0.52), (0.73±0.10)kU/g, P<0.05]. The correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the cholinesterase and the escape latency(r=-0.68, P< 0.01), and a positive correlation between the cholinesterase and the time of staying the platforms(r=0.57, P< 0.01). Conclusions The ability of learning and memory in rats with coal buring fluorosis was decreased, which might be connected to the decreased activity of cholinesterase in a dose-effect correlation.