骨形成蛋白增强自体骨修复股骨头骨缺损的研究

目的　对比评价应用骨形成蛋白 (BMP)增强自体骨与单纯自体骨重建股骨头的不同能力。方法　用健康成年杂种犬 9只 ,以环钻钻入股骨头造成股骨头内骨缺损模型。实验犬分为 A、B、C三组。A组为骨缺损模型组 ,B组取自体同侧大转子骨植入 ,C组取自体大转子骨加 BMP植入。术后 3、6和 9周行 X线片、CT、光镜及电镜观察 ,了解股骨头骨缺损的修复情况。结果　 A组术后 3周可见股骨头骨缺损内血肿机化 ,编织骨形成 ,但骨小梁改建慢 ,9周时编织骨小梁仍未被板层骨小梁取代。B组植入的自体骨坏死 ,9周时仍可见到大量的坏死骨 ,坏死骨主要起到成骨支架的作用。C组术后 3周可见股骨头骨缺损内软骨内成骨及膜内成骨活跃 ,9周时骨缺损已完全由致密的新生板层骨修复。结论　应用单纯自体骨修复股骨头骨缺损仅能发挥成骨支架的作用 ,而自体骨加BMP复合移植能在术后早期 (9周 )有效地重建股骨头内结构 ,是修复重建股骨头骨缺损的好方法

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON REPAIR OF BONE DEFECT IN FEMORAL HEAD BY ENHANCED AUTOGENOUS BONE COMBINED WITH BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN

Objective To compare and evaluate the capability of pure autogenous bone and the enhanced autogenous bone combined with bone morphogenetic protein in bone repair of femoral head. Methods Eighteen femoral heads of 9 dogs were drilled by trephine, 4 mm in diameter, followed by respective implantations of autogenous bone grafting (group B) and of the enhanced autogenous bone composite, combined with bone morphogenetic protein (group C), with the self repair of bone defect as the control (group A). Three, six, nine weeks after the operation, radiological examination, computerized tomography, light and electronic microscopes were performed to investigate the bone healing of the defect in the femoral head. Results In group A, it could be observed that there was hematoma organization and delayed woven bone formation in the 3rd week after operation, and there was little replacement of woven bone by bone trabecula in the 9th week; in group B, the autogenous bone implanted were dead in the 3rd week and maintained in situ in the 9th week; in group C, active new bone formation, either endochondral or intramembranous ossification, was found in the 3rd week and entire repair of the bone defect by bone trabecula in the 9th week after operation. Conclusion The enhanced autogenous bone combined with bone morphogenetic protein could promote reconstruction of the bone defect in femoral head, superior to pure autogenous bone which could provide a framework for the new bone formation.