轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能和MRI对照研究

目的探讨轻度认知障碍（MCI）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）的认知功能及影像学特点。方法回顾性分析经临床确诊的21例MCI和24例AD患者的临床资料。所有实验对象均用简易智力量表（MMSE）和蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）测定。结果MCI与AD的认知功能损害相比较：除了MMSE的记忆力组间无统计学意义（P＝0．28），其余均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。MoCA比MMSE具有更好的敏感性。AD的MRI表现：脑萎缩，特别是海马存在不同程度的萎缩；老年性脑改变；MCI的MRI主要表现为脑白质脱髓鞘病变，少数提示轻度脑萎缩或未见明显异常。结论MCI和AD患者早期均表现为记忆力下降，对记忆力减退人群进行MMSE、MoCA量表筛查有助于AD的早期诊断。AD患者到中晚期治疗较困难，因此早期诊断及干预对延缓病程起积极作用。

A comparative study of MRI imaging and cognitive function of patients with mild cognitive impairment to patients with Alzheimer's disease

Objective To compare the clinical feature of cognition impairment and MRI imaging in mild Cognitive impairment （MCI） to Alzheimer disease （AD）. Methods Clinical data of 21 MCI and 24 AD cases were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were assessed with min--mental state examination （MMSE） and Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）. Results There were significant difference in all the parameters in MMSE and MoCA between the two groups （P 〈 0.05） except memory ability in MMSE （P =0.28）. The MRI changes in Alzheimer patients included hippocampal atrophy, cerebral at- rophy, and ARWMC; while in MCI patients were white matter tumefactive demyelinating lesion, mild cerebral atrophy, or normal. Conclusions MCI and AD are both manifested impaired memory. Clinical evaluation with MMSE and MoCA and MRI imaging are important for early diagnosis therefore early intervention.