阴道闭锁16例临床分析

目的　分析阴道闭锁的临床特点 ,探讨其分型在诊断与治疗中的意义。方法　回顾分析我院近 16年收治的 16例阴道闭锁患者的临床资料。阴道闭锁按解剖学特点分为两型 :Ⅰ型指阴道下段闭锁 ,10例 ;Ⅱ型指阴道完全闭锁 ,6例。结果　Ⅰ、Ⅱ型阴道闭锁平均发病年龄分别为(13 0± 1 1)岁及 (15 5± 3 4 )岁 ,盆腔包块直径分别为 (7 7± 3 0 )cm及 (5 3± 1 0 )cm ,两者比较 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;平均病程分别为 (3 5± 2 4 )个月及 2 4 0个月 (中位数 )。Ⅰ型阴道闭锁者盆腔包块位置较低 ,而Ⅱ型阴道闭锁者盆腔包块较高或位于盆腔一侧。Ⅰ型阴道闭锁者均行切开术 ,术后置阴道模型 ,随诊 1～ 16 8个月 ,中位数为 2 1 0个月 ,月经均正常 ,其中 4例出现阴道狭窄行阴道扩张术。已婚的 2例中 ,1例足月妊娠剖宫产分娩。Ⅱ型阴道闭锁合并子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )、输卵管积血、双子宫者各 1例 ,合并双子宫及内异症者 1例 ;3例行子宫切除术 ,3例行保守性手术即阴道成形、宫颈成形及阴道子宫接通术 ,仅 1例术后有月经但伴痛经 ,于术后 6年因内异症手术治疗。结论　Ⅰ型阴道闭锁手术效果好 ;Ⅱ型阴道闭锁多合并内异症或子宫畸形 ,保守性手术治疗效果较差。

Congenital vaginal atresia: report of 16 cases

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features of congenital vaginal atresia (CVA) with normal uterine corpus and investigate the relationship between the subtypes and management. METHODS: Sixteen cases, partical atresia (type I) 10 and complete atresia (type II) 6, treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, during the past 16 years, were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Patients with type I CVA had an earlier onset of symptoms [(13.0 +/- 1.1) years of age], duration of [(3.5 +/- 2.4) months], greater pelvic masses [(7.7 +/- 3.0) cm in diameter] with lower location as compared with type II CVA [(15.5 +/- 3.4) years of age, 24.0 months, (5.3 +/- 1.0) cm in diameter, P < 0.01]. Distal colpoplasty was performed on 10 type I cases and vaginal mold was placed postoperatively. Dysmenorrhea relieved in all cases during median 21 month follow-up. Vaginal dilatation was done in 4 cases due to readhesion and constriction. One out of the 2 married patients delivered viable neonate by cesarean section. Three out of 6 type II patients were complicated with either endometriosis or hematosalpinx or double uterus. Hysterectomy with or without colpoplasty was done. While the other 3 underwent colpoplasty and cervical canalization. Only 2 had menses after operation, but 1 of the developed dysmenorrhea, ovarian endometrioma and was treated surgically again, the other 1 had hypomenorrhea. CONCLUSION: Patients with type I CVA had better outcomes after colpoplasty if they persist on placing vaginal mold. While for type II CVA, hysterectomy usually needed in most cases.