Vascular complications following renal transplantation: diagnostic evaluation

Vascular complications after renal transplantation are the most frequent type of complication following urological complications. They may affect the function of the transplant. Early vascular complications include renal artery or vein thrombosis, lesions to the iliac vessels and cortical necrosis. Delayed complications mainly include renal artery stenosis, arteriovenous fistula, and rarely false aneurysm. Doppler sonography, sometimes with the use of intravenous contrast, is the imaging modality of choice in the acute setting or routine follow-up. MRI may be performed for additional morphological and functional evaluation while CT may provide additional evaluation of the arterial supply. Angiography is performed prior to endovascular treatment.