盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗重度有机磷中毒的疗效观察与护理

目的探讨采用新型选择性长效抗胆碱药物盐酸戊乙奎醚（长托宁对重度有机磷中毒救治的护理要点和方法。方法2002年11月--2007年6月收治的67例口服有机磷农药致重度中毒患者，以盐酸戊乙奎醚替代阿托品作为抗胆碱药物进行救治。以1998年6月～2001年1月期间以阿托品救治的45例重度有机磷毒物中毒者为对照组。结果对照组治愈率80％，病死率20％，中毒治疗平均8．3d。盐酸戊乙奎醚组治愈率95．5％，病死率4．5％，中毒治疗平均9．6d。盐酸戊乙奎醚组治愈率明显高于对照组，中毒治疗时间两组无显著差别。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚用于有机磷中毒能降低病死率，提高治愈率。而且它为长效制剂，用法用量较阿托品明显容易控制和掌握，可以取代阿托品作为常规抗胆碱类解毒剂使用。但护理观察时要注意与原“阿托品化”指标的区别。

A nursing study of the treatment of severe organophosphorus poisoning by penehyclidine hydrochloride

Abstract Objectives： To compare the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride, a newly developed receptor-selective long - acting anticholinergic agent, with the traditional anticholinergic agent atropine in the treatment of severe organophosphorus poisoning. Methods 112 pa- tients with severe organophosphorus poisoning were divided into two groups. 45 patients were in the control group, atropine was used as anticholinergic agent. 67 patients were in the treatment group, penehyclidine hydrochloride, instead of atropine, was used as the anticholinergic agent, without any change of other treating methods and agents. The cure rate and hospitalization days in the two groups were compared. Results In the control group, the cure rate was 80 % and the average hospi- talization days were 8.3 days. In the treatment group, the cure rate was 95.5% and the average hospitalization days were 9.6 days. Conclusions Penehyclidine hydrochloride is a long - acting a- gent and is easy to use. It can be used as a routine anticholinergic agent in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning.