医院内感染病原菌及其耐药性的研究

为了解我院医院内感染规律及病原菌的耐药性,于1988年3月1日～5月31日对我院4个病区住院病例进行监测。结果报告591例住院病例中发生96例次院内感染,总发病率为16.2％。主要为呼吸道感染、其次为尿路感染、术后胆道感染和伤口感染等。院内感染病原菌72.99/为G~-杆菌,以绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、阴沟杆菌及克雷白菌属多见。G~+球菌占12.9％,念珠菌属占14.1％。院内感染菌株的耐药性普遍高于院外菌株。G~-杆菌对氨苄青霉素、羧苄青霉素、庆大霉素和妥布霉素耐药率达45％以上。G~+球菌院内株也具有多重耐药性。院内感染病原菌的严重耐药性提示应重视抗生素的合理应用。

Study on pathogens and resistance to antibiotics of bacteria involved in nosocomial infections

Prospective studies among 591 patients, admitted into 4 departments of our hospital March 1st, through May 31sr, 1988, were carried out. We estimated that 16.2 of NI occurred among every 100 admissions. The rate of NI in the respira tofy tract was highest, and followed by NI of urinary tract. biliary tract and surgical wound etc.72.9% of organisms involved in NI were Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Ps. aeruginosa, E. coli, E. cloacae and Klebsiella spp etc were more identified. Gram-positive cocci were found in 12.9%. Candida spp was present in 14.1%.The bacterial resistance in NI was more than in communityacquired infections (CI). The frequency of resistance (FR) to ampicillin, carbenicillin, gentamycin and tobramycin of GNB in NI were higher than 45.0%. The FR of S. epidemieis in NI to 8 semisynthetic penicillins, erythromycin, SXT and vancomycin were up to 60%. 5 strains of MRSA were identified in NI. It is suggested that rational administration of antibiotics should be carefully noted.