综合指数法在学龄前儿童生长发育评价中的应用

目的利用综合指数法评价学龄前儿童的生长发育状况,探讨科学的评价方法。方法采用两阶段分层整群抽样,从长沙市幼儿园随机抽取4所,对幼儿园儿童整群抽样进行体格发育测量,获取身高、体重、头围、胸围、腰围、上臂围、小腿围、皮褶厚度等形态学指标,采用综合指数法进行评价。结果各个年龄组间综合指数比较有显著性差异(F=10.813,P=0.0001),经多重比较,3岁组综合指数显著高于4岁组和5岁组(P=0.0001);而性别间无差异;不同级别幼儿园之间比较,省级和市区级幼儿园儿童综合指数差异有显著性(P=0.025);综合指数法与Z评分法两种评价结果经χ2检验,差异有显著性(P=0.0001)。结论综合指数法可以将多个指标的信息综合起来,从整体上评价儿童生长发育状况。

Application of Comprehensive Index Method in Evaluating Growth and Development of Preschool Children

Objective To investigate the growth and development status of preschool children by a comprehensive index method,and to explore a scientific method of assessment.Methods Four kindergartens from Changsha City were randomly selected by the method of two-stage stratified cluster sampling.All the items of children's physical development including their height,weight,head circumference,bust,waist circumference,upper arm circumference,calf circumference and skin fold thickness were measured,and then the surveyed indexes were assessed by the comprehensive index method.Results By comparison of comprehensive indexes in each age group,the results showed significant difference(F=10.813,P=0.0001),and further analysis of multiple comparison displayed that the indexes of 3-year-old group were significantly higher than those of 4-or 5-year-old groups(P=0.0001).There was no difference between genders.By comparison of comprehensive indexes of kindergartens in different ranks,it was found that difference among the provincial and municipal levels of kindergartens was significant(P=0.025).Comparing the evaluation results between comprehensive index method and Z score method by Chi-square test,the difference was significant(P=0.0001).Conclusions Comprehensive index method could aggregate information of different indexes,and researchers could assess the growth and development status of children as a whole.