一农村中学伤寒水传暴发调查研究

目的]调查处理某中学水传伤寒暴发流行疫情，为今后突发事件处理提供借鉴。方法]采用卫生学调查、病例对照(1：1至1：3)调查、临床观察和实验室检验等方法，查明暴发原因与危险因素，控制疫情。结果]暴发流行系水传引起，罹患率8，2％(115／1400)。从末梢水与患者血培养中分离出伤寒菌，患者肥达氏反应阳性。“经常饮生水”与“不经常洗手”是主要危险因素(OR值11～12倍)。通过健康教育、停用污染水源、专人供开水、预防服药、隔离治疗、应急接种等措施控制了疫情。结论]乡村学校自行集中供水者，要严格选择水源，做好防护，保证开水供应，开展健康教育，做到不饮生水，饭前便后要洗手，才能防止伤寒等肠道传染病流行。

Investigation on an Outbreak of Waterborne Typhoid at a Rural Middle School

To investigate an outbreak of waterborne typhoid in a rural middle school \ The sani tation, case control, clinical and experimental studies were carried out to survey the cause and risk factors of the outbreak \ The outbreak of typhoid resulted from water pollution and the incidence was 8 2% (115/1 400) The typhoid bacillus was isolated from polluted water and the patient Drinking tap water directly and frequently,no washing hands frequently were main infectious factors for typhoid After some anti epidemic measures were carried out, the epidemic was controlled quickly \ The health education, water source selection and protection,drinking boiled water and health behavior training are very important for intestinal disease control at the schools in rural area