2018年乌鲁木齐市第十五小学小学生健康素养现状调查结果分析

目的了解2018年新疆乌鲁木齐市第十五小学小学生健康素养,分析影响因素。方法于2018-04,采用整群抽样的方法,抽取新疆乌鲁木齐市第十五小学4~6年级的全部学生,进行问卷调查。结果发放问卷1 565份,有效问卷1318份,具备总体健康素养的人数为326,占比为24.73%;各个维度健康素养具备率依次为心理健康49.47%、健康行为与生活方式18.97%、安全应急与避险58.95%、疾病预防86.57%、青春期保健62.75%。Logistic回归分析显示,少数民族学生健康素养具备率明显低于汉族学生(OR=0.527);以四年级为参照,五年级(OR=2.428)、六年级(OR=4.509)学生的健康素养具备率逐步提高;获取渠道数目多,小学生健康素养具备率较高,以仅有1个健康知识获取渠道为参照,2个获取渠道、3个获取渠道、4个获取渠道的OR值分别为2.073、2.383、2.951。结论 5个维度中,健康行为与生活方式的健康素养具备率最低,少数民族对于小学生健康素养具备率有明确的影响,乌鲁木齐市作为少数民族地区更应加强小学生健康教育的工作,尤其应注重健康行为与生活方式的干预。

Investigation on Health Literacy of Pupils in the Fifteenth Primary School of Urumqi in 2018

Objective To investigate the health literacy status and influencing factors of 15th primary school students in Urumqi,Xinjiang. Method By using the method of cluster sampling,students of Grade 4-6 in the 15th primary school were selected and investigated through a unified questionnaire in April,2018. Results The study sent 1 565 questionnaires in all,and then collected 1 318 valid questionnaires. The number of people with heath literacy was 326,accounting for 24.73%;the rates of health literacy in mental health,healthy behavior and lifestyle,safety emergency and risk avoidance,disease prevention, and puberty care were respectively 49.47%, 18.97%, 58.95%, 86.57%and 62.75%. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the health literacy rate of minority was remarkably lower than those of Han nationality (OR=0.527);compared with the fourth grade students, the health literacy rate of fifth grade students(OR=2.428) and sixth grade students(OR=4.509) were gradually improving;students who chose more ways to learn the information about health literacy held higher rate of health literacy,and compared with one access channel to information,OR values of two access channels,three access channels and forth access channels were respectively 2.073, 2.383 and 2.951.Conclusion Among these five aspects,the lowest holding rate of health literacy is healthy behavior and lifestyle. Minority has clear effect on holding rate of health literacy. As a minority area,Urumqi should enhance the health education for primary school students, especially emphasize the intervening measures of health behavior and lifestyle.