社会支持与主观幸福感关系研究

  目的  探讨躯体健康和心理健康在老年人社会支持与主观幸福感之间的中介效应，为有效利用社会支持改善老年人主观幸福感，实现积极、健康老龄化提供科学依据。  方法  于2016年4 — 6月采用配额方便抽样方法在辽宁省沈阳、大连、锦州、盘锦、抚顺、本溪、铁岭7个城市社区抽取978名在该地区居住满1年的≥60岁老年人进行问卷调查，并应用结构方程模型采用系数乘积法中的偏差校正的百分位Bootstrap方法，通过增加辅助变量进行完整的中介效应检验。  结果  老年人躯体健康和心理健康平均分分别为（2.96 ± 0.18）和（3.65 ± 0.84）分，社会支持平均分为（3.31 ± 0.84）分，主观幸福感平均分为（3.84 ± 1.00）分；社会支持对老年人主观幸福感有直接正向影响（c′ = 0.574，P < 0.05）；躯体健康和心理健康的特定路径中介效应（a₁b₁、a₂b₂）、总中介效应（a₁b₁ + a₂b₂）、对比中介效应（a₁b₁ – a₂b₂）置信区间分别为（0.003～0.020）、（0.121～0.353）、（0.132～0.365）、（– 0.532～– 0.129）（均P < 0.05），其中介效应占总效应的比例（P_M）为30%，且心理健康较躯体健康的中介效应更强（a₁b₁ – a₂b₂ = – 0.347）。  结论  老年人社会支持状况对主观幸福感有直接影响，且部分是通过躯体健康和心理健康的中介效应实现。

Longitudinal influences of social network characteristics on subjective well-being of older adults: findings from the ELSA Study

  Objective  To investigate the mediated moderation effect of physical health and mental health on the correlation between social support and subjective well-being in elderly people, and to provide evidences for using social support effectively to improve subjective well-being of the elderly and achieve a positive and healthy aging.  Methods  With quota sampling, 978 elderly residents aged≥60 years who lived in 7 urban communities of Shenyang, Dalian, Jinzhou, Panjin, Fushun, Benxi, and Tieling municipality of Liaoning province were selected for a questionnaire survey during April to June 2016. With structural equation modeling, product-of-coefficients based bias-corrected percentile bootstrap method was adopted to assess complete mediation effect by introducing auxiliary variables into the model.  Results  For all the elderly, the average scores of physical health and mental health were 2.96 ± 0.18 and 3.65 ± 0.84; the average score of social support of was 3.31 ± 0.84; and the average score of subjective well-being was 3.84 ± 1.00. Social support showed significant positive impacts on subjective well-being of the elderly (c′ = 0.574, P < 0.05). Significant specific mediation effect (a₁b₁, a₂b₂), total mediation effect (a₁b₁ + a₂b₂), and contrast mediation effect (a₁b₁ – a₂b₂) of physical health and mental health were observed (P < 0.05 for all), with corresponding confidence intervals of 0.003 – 0.020, 0.121 – 0.353, 0.132 – 0.365, and – 0.532 – – 0.129, and a proportion of mediation effect (P_M) of 30% to total effect. Moreover, the mediating effect of mental health was much greater than that of physical health (a₁b₁ – a₂b₂ = – 0.347).  Conclusion  Social support exerts direct effect on subjective well-being and plays its role partly through the medication of physical health and mental health among the elderly people.