大庆市让胡路区2～6岁孤独症谱系障碍儿童流行病学现况调查

  目的  了解重庆市及所属区县普通托幼机构2～6岁儿童中孤独症患病情况。  方法  2016年10 — 12月，抽取重庆市6个区普通托幼机构中2.5～6岁儿童7 800人，由托幼机构老师采用社交反应量表（SRS）进行初筛；初筛阳性者由当地医院用孤独症行为量表（ABC）、儿童孤独症评定量表（CARS）进行复筛；对疑似病例由专家团队根据DSM-5进行确诊。  结果  收回有效问卷6 212份，筛出孤独症阳性者282人，初筛阳性率为4.5 %，复筛阳性率为10.63 %。最终确诊儿童孤独症者22例，其中男童17例，女童5例；整体患病率为3.54 ‰。男童现患率为5.14 ‰，女童现患率1.72 ‰，差异有统计学意义（t = 5.43，P < 0.01）。城市16例，农村6例，城市现患率3.35 ‰，农村现患率为4.18 ‰，差异无统计学意义（t = 0.19，P > 0.5）。年龄2.5～4岁12例，现患率5.31 ‰（12/6 220）；4～6岁10例，现患率2.53 ‰（10/6 220）。  结论  重庆市儿童孤独症患病率略高；应建立孤独症儿童早期筛查、早期诊断、早期康复训练体系。

Use of a teacher nomination strategy to screen for autism spectrum disorders in general education classrooms: a pilot study

  Objective   To examine the prevalence of autism among 2 – 6 years children in kindergartens in Chongqing city.  Methods   Totally 7 800 children aged 2.5 – 6 years were selected from ordinary kindergartens in 6 districts of Chongqing municipality. First, all the participants were primarily screened with Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) by nursery teachers; then the children with positive primary screening results were then rescreened with Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) by medical personnel in local hospitals; finally the children suspected with autism spectrum disorders were diagnosed by experts based on the criterion of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V).   Results   Among the 6 212 children with valid information, 282 were positive to autism spectrum disorders, with the positive rates of 4.5% in the primary screening and 10.63% in the rescreening. Totally 22 autism cases (17 boys and 5 girls) were diagnosed and the overall autism prevalence rate was 3.54‰; the prevalence rate among the boys was significantly higher than that among the girls (5.14‰ vs. 1.72‰, t = 5.43; P < 0.01); the prevalence rate was 3.35‰ and 4.18‰ in the urban and rural children, without significant difference (t = 0.19, P > 0.5); the autism prevalence rate was 5.31‰ among the children aged 2 – < 4 years and 2.53‰ among those aged 4 – 6 years.   Conclusion   The prevalence rate of childhood autism in Chongqing municipality is slightly higher than that reported in other regions in China. A system for early screening, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of childhood autism needs to be established.