城乡高血压老年人生理及心理健康水平

目的 对比云南省昆明市城市和农村地区老年人高血压患病现状及其影响因素，为有针对性地制定城乡两地老年人高血压的防控措施提供参考依据。 方法 于2016年7月 — 2017年10月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在昆明市官渡区和宜良县抽取3 225名 ≥ 60岁城乡老年人进行问卷调查和体格检查。 结果 昆明市3 225名≥ 60岁城乡老年人中，城市老年人1 624人，农村老年人1 601人；城市和农村老年人高血压患病率分别为40.9 %和43.5 %，标化患病率分别为41.3 %和43.2 %，昆明市城乡老年人高血压患病率差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示，饮酒和超重/肥胖是昆明市城市老年人高血压患病的危险因素；年龄 ≥ 75岁、缺乏体力活动、超重/肥胖和中心性肥胖是昆明市农村老年人高血压患病的危险因素，吸烟是昆明市农村老年人高血压患病的保护因素。 结论 昆明市城市和农村老年人高血压患病率差异不大，但影响因素存在着明显的城乡差异，应根据城乡老年人高血压的不同影响因素，制定有针对性的高血压预防控制措施。

Association between cotinine-verified smoking status and hypertension in 167,868 Korean adults

Objective To compare the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension among the elderly in urban and rural areas of Kunming municipality, Yunnan province and to provide references for developing hypertension prevention and control measures for the two groups of population. Methods We selected 3 225 residents at ages of 60 years and above in 6 communities of an urban district and 6 rural villages in a county of Kunming municipality of Yunnan province using stratified multistage random sampling; then a face-to-face questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted among the elderly from July 2016 to October 2017. Results The prevalence of hypertension among the 1 624 urban and the 1 601 rural elderly were 40.9% and 43.5%, and the standardized hypertension prevalence for the two groups were 41.3% and 43.2%, respectively, with no significant difference in the hypertension prevalence between the urban and rural elderly (P > 0.05). The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis demonstrated that alcohol drinking and overweight/obesity were risk factors of hypertension among the urban elderly; whereas, among the rural elderly, aged over 75 years, lack of physical activity, overweight/obesity, and central obesity were risk factors of hypertension and smoking was a protective factor against hypertension. Conclusion Hypertension prevalence is not significantly different but the distribution for the influencing factors of hypertension is significantly different between the elderly in urban and rural region of Kunming city. The results suggest that targeted prevention and control measures for hypertension should be developed according to characteristics of the urban and rural elderly population.