Effect of pethidine and esmolol on the cardiovascular changes occurring during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China;2. Shanghai Qiangshi Information Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201120, China;3. Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd., Chengdu 856000, China;1. Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy;2. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center –IRCCS-, Endoscopy Unit, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;3. University of Foggia, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Gastroenterology, 71122 Foggia, Italy;4. Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology, and Digestive Oncology, 1070 CUB Brussels, Belgium;5. Augusta University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 30912 Augusta, GA, USA;6. Al Jahra Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Kuwait City 32591, Al Jahra, Kuwait;7. Queen Alexandra Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, PO6 3LY Portsmouth, UK;1. Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China;2. Sichuan Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China;3. Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People''s Hospital, Chengdu, China;4. Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China;5. Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China;6. Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shangha, China;7. Department of Anesthesiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children''s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China;8. Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;9. Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China |
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| Abstract: | The cardiovascular effects of patients undergoing upper GI endoscopy when sedated with midazolam and pethidine, or midazolam and esmolol have been compared. A significant rise in heart rate (P < 0.006), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001) and rate pressure product (systolic blood pressure × heart rate) (P < 0.001) occurred in both the patients receiving midazolam alone and those receiving pethidine in addition to midazolam. There were no significant differences in the peak rises in heart rate, blood pressure and, thus, rate pressure product between these two groups of patients. Those patients receiving a bolus dose of esmolol just prior to oesophagoscopy demonstrated a significantly smaller rate pressure response to oesophageal intubation than those in the first two groups. |
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