广州市人群麻疹抗体水平对麻疹疫情状况影响的相关研究

摘要：目的　了解近年来广州市人群麻疹抗体水平情况，分析其对麻疹疫情流行趋势的影响。方法　采用
酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）定量检测广州市部分区、县级市抽取的８个年龄组人群麻疹ＩｇＧ 抗体水平，使
用ＳＰＳＳ１９．０统计软件进行χ
２ 检验及单因素ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析各年龄组及历年间抗体水平的差异、人群麻
疹抗体水平与麻疹疫情状况之间的关系。结果　２００９年检测７３１人，麻疹抗体阳性６８８人，抗体阳性率为
９４．１２％，具有有效保护性抗体水平的人数为５７５人，抗体有效保护率为７８．６６％；２０１０年检测７１０人，麻
疹抗体阳性６６２人，抗体阳性率为９３．２４％，具有有效保护性抗体水平的人数为５０４人，抗体有效保护率
为７０．９９％；两年间各年龄组间抗体阳性率及抗体有效保护率差异有统计学意义（犘＜０．０５），经单因素ｌｏ
ｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析对比各个年龄组两两间抗体阳性率及有效保护率差异，小于１岁组及１５岁以上成人组抗体
水平及抗体有效保护率较低，均低于８０％，按年龄组呈现两头低中间高的趋势，近年广州市麻疹疫情特点
也是以小月龄儿童及成人病例为主，最高达到全年病例的４０％及６０％以上，与抗体水平监测结果相符。结
论　抗体水平低的人群是麻疹发病的危险人群，低年龄组及成人麻疹抗体水平较低麻疹高发，是广州市麻
疹防控的重点人群。
关键词：麻疹；抗体；疫情
中图分类号：Ｒ１８６　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０６ ０５５７ ０５

The influnce of antibody level of measles on disease endemic

Objective To analyze the influnce of measles antibody level on disease endemic trend. MethodsIgG antibody against measles virus was detected among individuals of 8age groups using quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.Chi-square test and single-factor logistic regression method were used for data statistical analysis. Results A total of 731 and 710individuals were tested for measles antibody in2009 and 2010,with an overall positive rates of 94.12% and 93.24%,respectively.While the effective antibody protective rates were found only to be 78.66%and 70.99%.The differences of antibody positive rates as well as effective protection rates among age groups were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Single factor logistic regression analysis showed that the effective antibody protection rates of lower than 80% were found among individuals younger than 1year old and those aged over 15 years,where majority of cases came from in recent years,and sometime they made up over 40%or 60%of total annual measles cases. Conclusions Individuals younger than 1year old and over 15 years who have low antibody level are more susceptible to measles,and they are the major targets for disease prevention and control.