某医学院贫困大学生健康状况及营养膳食分析

目的了解贫困大学生的能量和营养素（膳营养素、营养制剂和食品营养强化剂）摄入量,判断机体营养健康水平,为大学生保健工作提供依据。方法选择山西大同大学医学院189名贫困大学生作为研究对象,其中男生85人,女生104人;采用问卷调查及膳食调查的方法,对贫困大学生健康及营养状况进行评价。结果贫困大学生膳食主要以谷物为主,鱼虾类、水果、奶类、蔬菜、肉类和蛋类明显少于参考摄入量标准,尤其是钙、锌和V-C的摄入量仅占参考摄入量的1/3。贫困大学生牙龈出血率为56.61%,口腔溃疡发生率为46.03%,皮肤粗糙出现率为33.33%,视力不良率为80.42%。结论贫困大学生的膳食结构及各种营养素的摄入不合理,应加强贫困大学生营养知识的宣传教育,改善贫困大学生膳食营养,从而提高贫困大学生的健康水平。

Analysis on health and nutrition among poor students in a medical school

Objective To understand the energy and nutrient intake of poor college students and to assess their health condition. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 189 poor college students, inclu- ding 85 males and 104 females in terms of their health and nutritionconditions. Results The major diet of poor college students was grains, the amount of fish, fruit, milk, vegetables, meat and egg consumed were significantly lower than the reference standard, especially calcium, zinc and Vi~C which were only about a third of the reference intake. More than half （56.61%） suffered from gum bleeding. 46.03% of students claimed of having oral ulcer, one third had rough skin and as high as 80. 42% had poor eyesight. Conclusions The dietary structure of poor college students is irrational and they do not intake enough nutrients leading major health problems. Therefore, health and nutrition education should be strengthened among college students to improve their overall health.