Depressive symptoms and their relationship with endogenous reproductive hormones and sporadic anovulation in premenopausal women |
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| Institution: | 2. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY;1. Nursing Department, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;2. Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau 999078, China;3. Research Service Office, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau 999078, China;4. Gynecology and Obstetrics Teaching and Research Office, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macau 999078, China;5. Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China;1. Department of Biostatistics, Colorado School of Public Health, 13001 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;2. Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Mail Stop B-198, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;1. Department of Psychiatry, Selcuk University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey;2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mevlana University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey;3. Department of Radiology, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | PurposeTo determine whether depressive symptoms are associated with ovulation or reproductive hormone concentrations in eumenorrheic women without a reported diagnosis of clinical depression.MethodsA prospective cohort of 248 regularly menstruating women, aged 18 to 44 years (27.3 ± 8.2) were evaluated for depressive symptoms at baseline using the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and categorized dichotomously (<16, no depressive symptoms 92%] vs. ≥16, depressive symptoms 8%]). Serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured up to eight times per cycle for up to two menstrual cycles. Linear mixed models estimated associations between depressive symptoms and hormone concentrations, whereas generalized linear mixed models assessed their relationship with sporadic anovulation.ResultsNo significant associations were identified between depressive symptoms and reproductive hormone levels (all P > .05) or the odds of sporadic anovulation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–5.0]), after adjusting for age, race, body mass index, perceived stress level, and alcohol consumption.ConclusionsDespite reported associations between mental health and menstrual cycle dysfunction, depressive symptoms were not associated with reproductive hormone concentrations or sporadic anovulation in this cohort of regularly menstruating women with no recent (within 1 year) self-reported history of clinical depression. |
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| Keywords: | Depression Depressive symptoms Menstrual cycle Ovulation Reproductive hormones Mental health Women's health |
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