肝移植术后急性肾功能衰竭的预防和治疗

目的总结肝移植术后急性肾功能衰竭的预防和治疗经验。方法回顾性分析63例原位肝移植术后早期发生急性肾功能衰竭患者的临床资料,探讨其发病的危险因素及治疗方法。结果63例患者中,12例术前已存在不同程度的肾功能损害,28例有严重的腹水及进行性高胆红素血症。术后发生肺部感染28例,多器官功能衰竭26例,腹腔内积液、积脓9例。所有患者肝移植术后均采用环孢素A、霉酚酸酯或他克莫司预防排斥反应。23例患者应用多巴胺(2-5μg·kg-1·min-1)等血管活性药物改善肾脏灌注,并酌情配合利尿药物的使用,同时给予白蛋白、新鲜血浆输注、营养支持及抗感染治疗。12例病情较重者给予持续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT),平均治疗时间50 h。术后1个月时,有26例患者死亡,死亡率为41．27％。结论肝移植术前应重视对肾功能的评估并及时处理,术后尽量避免感染。免疫抑制剂的个体化应用,改善肾脏灌注,可提高肝移植术后急性肾功能衰竭治疗的成功率。

Prophylaxis and treatment of acute renal failure following orthotopic liver transplantation

Objective To summarize the experience of prophylaxis and treatment of acute renal failure (ARF) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods The clinical data of 63 cases of ARF following OLT were analyzed retrospectively. Results Preoperatively, 12 out of 63 patients had renal dysfunction to varying degrees, 28 had serious peritoneal fluid and advanced hyperbil-irubinemia. Postoperatively, complication included pulmonary infection (28 cases), MOSF (26 cases) and intraperitoneal dropsy or empyema (9 cases). Cyclosporin A, mycophenolate and tacrolimus were all used to prevent rejection. Dopamine was used in some patients to improve renal perfusion. Meanwhile, diuretic and albumin, and fresh blood plasma were used to support patients. Twelve severe cases received CRRT. Average treatment duration was 50 h. Twenty-six patients died within one month postoperatively with the mortality rate of this group being 41.27 %. Conclusions The etiology of ARF following OLT is multifactorial. It's important to evaluate renal function preoperatively and to avoid infection, apply immunosuppressant individually and improve renal perfusion postoperatively.