平时颅脑火器伤的诊断和治疗

目的研究非战争时期医院收治的颅脑火器伤在临床诊断和治疗中的特点．方法对86例平时收治的各类颅脑火器伤者进行回顾性分析，探讨其诊断和治疗等方面的特点，寻找最佳的诊治方案。结果除2例（2％）在手术后24h内死于大血管损伤和严重脑损伤外，其余患者均经手术治愈（80例，93％）或症状改善（4例，5％）。结论颅脑火器伤是引起人群死亡和致残的最为严重的原因，彻底清除异物，特别是彻底清除碎骨片和失活组织，把开放性损伤变为闭合性损伤极为重要。X线头颅摄片金属异物定位、立体定向技术、异物细菌培养和药敏试验、以及抗癫痫药的应用是降低平时颅脑火器伤死亡率和并发症的关键。

Diagnosis and treatment of craniocerebral firearm wounds in peacetime

Objective To review the features of diagnosis and treatment of craniocerebral firearm wounds in peacetime. Methods A total of 86 cases with various kinds of firearm wounds were retrospectively analyzed for discussing the characteristics of diagnoses and treatment of firearm wounds so as to provide the best treatment methods for firearm wounds of the brain. Results Of all, 80 cases (93%) won full recovery and four (5%) partial recovery but two (2%) were died of massive vascular damage and severe cerebral injuries within 24 hours after operation. Conclusions Craniocerebral firearm wounds are among the most devastating causes for morbidity and mortality in the civilian population. It is important to remove all foreign bodies, especially broken bones and necrotic tissues, and turn the open injury to the close injury. Stereotactic technique, localization of foreign bodies, culture of foreign body bacteria, drug allergy test and correct use of antibiotic and antiepileptic drugs are also critical for eliminating mortality and complications of craniocerebral firearm wounds.