Shadeeye NccⅡ型电脑比色仪测量成年人健康牙龈颜色及其影响因素*

背景：牙体颜色的研究发展较为迅速，而牙龈颜色的研究却相对滞后。对健康牙龈颜色的研究是制作牙龈比色板，进行牙龈配色的基础。目的：分析解剖部位、性别、年龄、是否经常喝有色饮料、刷牙次数等方面对牙龈颜色的影响，在牙龈、牙槽嵴缺损较大需制作义龈修复时，指导临床配色。设计、时间及地点：对比观察，于2006-09/2007-01在泸州医学院附属口腔医院修复科、口腔内科完成。对象：采用分层抽样的方法，抽取泸州市具有健康牙龈颜色的市民160名，按年龄分为4组，分别为20~29岁组、30~39岁组、40~49岁组、50岁以上组，每组40名，且男女比例接近1∶1。方法：在自然光线下，用Shadeeye NccⅡ型电脑比色仪测定每位受访者上颌侧切牙的龈乳头(分为近中和远中两个部位)、游离龈(位于侧切牙牙体中部所对应的牙龈)、附着龈(距离侧切牙的牙颈部3 mm)，左右对称的牙龈各测1次。测试时比色仪的探头应轻触牙龈各部分，以不压牙龈为准。每次测试前用仪器自带的校正器校正1次。主要观察指标：A、B两区侧切牙牙龈的L*a*b*值；上颌侧切牙的4个牙龈部位的L*a*b*值；不同性别、年龄组观察对象牙龈L* a*b*值。结果：A、B两区的同名对称牙牙龈的L*a*b*值差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。同侧上前牙边缘龈、近远中龈乳头和附着龈的L*a*b*值不全相同(P < 0.01)，两两比较后，总的来说附着龈的L*a*b*值与前三者之间的差异较明显(P < 0.05)，而边缘龈与近远中龈乳头的L*、a*值不全相同(P < 0.05)，且存在一定规律。男女上前牙牙龈L*、b*值差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；男女上前牙牙龈a*值之间的差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)，男性的a*值大于女性。4个年龄组上颌侧切牙的不同部位牙龈的L*和a*值差异不无显著性意义(P > 0.05)；b*值不全相同(P < 0.05)。50岁以上组在不同部位牙龈的b*值都最小。游离龈、附着龈的b*值与年龄成负相关，其相关系数分别为-0.18，-0.13，其余值与年龄不存在相关关系。结论：牙龈、牙槽嵴缺损较大需制作义龈修复时，比色配色应注意考虑部位和性别的影响。

Adult healthy gingival color and influential factors measured by Shadeeye Ncc computerized colorimeter

BACKGROUND: The investigation of dental color develops rapidly, but studies on healthy gingival color remains rarely conducted. The study of healthy gingival color is the foundation of making gingival shade guide and shading the gingival color.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of anatomic site, sex, age, color drink and toothbrushing times on gingival color to guide clinical color matching in artificial gingiva repair for large gingival and alveolar ridge defects.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Comparative observation was performed at the Department of Prosthodontics and Department of Oral Medicine, Stomatology Hospital of Luzhou Medical College from September 2006 to January 2007.PARTICIPANTS: By stratified sampling method, 160 people with healthy gingival color were selected from Luzhou. They were divided into 4 groups according to age: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and > 50 years groups, with 40 people in each group (female : male=1: 1). METHODS: Under natural light, Shadeeye Ncc computerized colorimeter was used to determine gingival papilla, free gingiva, and attached gingiva in the region of symmetrical lateral incisor teeth ach of each subject. The probe slightly contacted each part of the gingiva, but not pressed the gingiva. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: L* a* b* number of lateral incisor gingiva in A and B; L* a* b* number of 4 gingival parts of lateral incisor in upper mandible; L* a* b* number of different sex and age groups. RESULTS: The gingival numbers of L* a* b* on the symmetrical homonymous teeth in A, B area had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The chromatic value of homolateral maxillas anterior gingiva in different regions had some differences (P < 0.01). After pair comparison, on the whole , L* a* b* of attached gingival had the more obvious differences among the three (P < 0.001), while L * a * b *of the free gingiva and mesial, distal gingival papilla had some changing rules (P < 0.05). The L* and b* of maxillas anterior gingiva had no statistically significant between different genders (P > 0.05), while male a * was significantly greater than female (P < 0.05). The L * and a* of lateral incisor corresponding to four different parts of the gums in four age groups had no significant difference (P > 0.05), and b* had some difference (P < 0.05). The gingival b* in different region of 50+ years group was the minimal. The b* of free gingiva and the attached gingiva had negative correlation with age (correlation coefficients: 0.18 and 0.13), and there was no correlation between the numbers of L * and a* and age. CONCLUSION: The effect of region and sex on color of the gingiva should be considered while matching colors in construction of gingiva and alveolar ridge defect.